Anthony Grafton is Henry Putnam University Professor of History at Princeton University, and one of the most distinguished and influential cultural historians writing today. His many previous publications include The Footnote (Harvard University Press, 1997), Leon Battista Alberti (Harvard University Press and Penguin, 2000), and Christianity and the Transformation of the Book (Harvard University Press, 2006).

From the late fifteenth century onwards, scholars across Europe began to write books about how to read and evaluate histories. These pioneering works grew from complex early modern debates about law, religion and classical scholarship. Anthony Grafton's book is based on his Trevelyan Lectures of 2005, and it proves to be a powerful and imaginative exploration of some central themes in the history of European ideas. Grafton explains why so many of these works were written, why they attained so much insight - and why, in the centuries that followed, most scholars gradually forgot that they had existed. Elegant and accessible, What Was History? is a deliberate evocation of E. H. Carr's celebrated Trevelyan Lectures, What Is History?.