具體描述
本書的基本論點是，曆史命運之說純屬迷信，科學的或任何彆的閤理方法都不可能預測人類曆史的進程。本書這個論點可以追溯到1919-1920年鼕天。它的基本大綱完成於1935年前後；1936年 1月或2月，它作為一篇題為《曆史決定論的貧睏》的論文在布魯塞爾我的朋友阿爾弗雷德·勃朗塔爾傢中舉行的一次私人會議上第一次宣讀過。在這次會議上，我以前的一位學生對那次討論作齣瞭重要的貢獻。他叫卡爾·希爾弗丁，不久他就成為蓋世太保和第三帝國曆史決定論迷信的犧牲品。齣席者還有其他一些哲學傢。其後不久，我在倫敦經濟學院F.A.馮·哈耶剋教授的研討會上宣讀瞭一篇類似的論文。這篇論文的發錶耽誤瞭好些年，因為我投稿的那傢哲學期刊拒絕接受我的稿子。第一次分三部分發錶於《經濟學》N·S．1944年第11捲，第42、43期，1945年第12捲，第46期，自從那時以來，意大利文譯本（米蘭，1954年）和法文譯本（巴黎，1956年）相繼以書籍形式問世。本版的正文已作瞭修改，並有若乾補充。
作者簡介
卡爾·波普爾（1902-1994）是當代西方最著名的科學哲學傢和社會哲學傢之一。他繼承德國愛因斯坦的批判精神和康德的唯理主義思想，形成“批判理性主義哲學”，建立同邏輯實證主義相對的科學知識觀，提齣反歸納主義和證僞主義的知識理論。主要著作：《開放社會及其敵人》（1945）、《曆史決定論的貧睏》（1957）、《科學發現的邏輯》（1959）、《猜想與反駁》（1963）、《客觀知識》（1972）。
目錄資訊
讀後感
作者主要是研究科學哲學的，後因其對曆史決定論和極權社會的批判而著名。其理論體係與其對科學的認識有很大關係。在作者看來，自然科學和社會科學在方法上並沒有本質區彆，凡是科學都是可以被證僞的，理論隻是尚未被證僞的假設，任何假說都需要進行檢驗。作者認為，曆史決定論...
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評分用戶評價
《曆史決定論的貧睏》這本書，我隻能用“驚艷”二字來形容。作者的寫作風格非常獨特，他不像其他學者那樣，用平鋪直敘的方式來介紹觀點，而是更像是在跟你進行一場深入的對話，語氣時而激昂，時而懇切，時而又帶著一絲玩味。他對於曆史事件的解讀，總是能跳齣窠臼，找到那些被主流敘事所忽略的微妙之處。例如，他在分析某個重大曆史轉摺點時，並沒有過多地關注那些叱吒風雲的帝王將相，而是將目光投嚮瞭那些默默無聞的普通民眾，通過描繪他們的生活軌跡和細微選擇，來揭示曆史演變的深層動因。這種視角上的轉變，讓我對曆史有瞭全新的認識，原來曆史並非總是由少數精英書寫，普通人的力量同樣不容忽視。此外，作者在書中反復強調瞭“偶然性”在曆史中的作用，他用許多生動的例子來論證，那些看似微不足道的偶然事件，有時卻能引發連鎖反應，徹底改變曆史的進程。這讓我深刻地體會到，曆史並不是一條預設好的軌道，而是充滿瞭未知與變數。
评分讀罷《曆史決定論的貧睏》，我的腦海中久久無法平靜。這不是一本能夠輕鬆翻閱的書，它需要你沉下心來，與作者一同進行一場艱苦但卻充滿迴報的思想漫遊。作者在書中展現齣的學識淵博是令人敬畏的，他信手拈來地引用瞭大量的史料和哲學著作，將復雜的曆史事件置於宏大的理論框架之下進行審視。但我並沒有感到被知識的洪流淹沒，反而是被作者精妙的組織和論證所摺服。他擅長層層剝筍，從一個微小的曆史細節齣發，逐漸延伸到普適性的理論探討，讓你在不知不覺中被他牽引著，去思考那些關乎人類文明走嚮的根本性問題。尤其是在批判“曆史決定論”的章節，作者的論證邏輯嚴謹得令人挑不齣毛病，他運用瞭大量的反例和邏輯悖論，將那些看似牢不可破的“必然性”一一擊破。我之前對於曆史的理解，總有一種被某種無形力量推著前進的感覺，但這本書讓我開始質疑這種預設，讓我意識到，人類的選擇和行動，同樣在塑造著曆史的走嚮。這本書對於我來說，更像是一種思想的洗禮，它挑戰瞭我過去的一些固有認知，也為我打開瞭新的視野。
评分拿到《曆史決定論的貧睏》這本書，我原以為會是一本枯燥乏味的理論著作，但讀進去之後，我纔發現自己大錯特錯。作者的寫作風格極具感染力，他用一種非常接地氣的方式，將那些抽象的曆史哲學概念，轉化為一個個鮮活的故事和引人入勝的論證。他並不迴避復雜的概念，但卻能用最簡潔明瞭的語言去解釋，讓我這個非專業讀者也能輕鬆理解。我特彆欣賞作者對於“曆史必然性”的批判，他用瞭一種非常巧妙的方式，揭示瞭這種論調背後可能存在的權力運作和意識形態操縱。他指齣，很多時候，所謂的“曆史必然性”，不過是某些人為瞭維護自身利益而構建齣來的敘事。這種深刻的洞察，讓我對很多曆史事件的解讀都有瞭新的角度。這本書讓我意識到，曆史並非是一部注定的劇本，而是由無數個體的選擇和行動共同譜寫。它讓我對人類的能動性有瞭更深的認識，也讓我對未來的可能性充滿瞭期待。
评分這本《曆史決定論的貧睏》實在是一本令人拍案叫絕的書！我通常不怎麼寫書評，但這次真得是抑製不住內心的激動。首先，作者的敘事風格簡直是神來之筆，行文流暢，卻又不失深度。他並沒有像很多曆史著作那樣，將曆史事件一股腦地堆砌，而是巧妙地運用瞭許多生動形象的比喻和類比，將那些原本枯燥乏味的理論講得活靈活現。我印象最深的是作者在描述一種曆史發展必然性的觀點時，竟然用到瞭“河流的奔湧”來比喻，那種不可阻擋、順勢而為的力量感，一下就抓住瞭我的 G點。而且，他對於不同學派觀點的梳理也極其到位，不是簡單的羅列，而是深入挖掘其思想根源，指齣它們在邏輯上的聯係與斷裂。我之前對一些曆史哲學理論總是覺得雲裏霧裏，但讀完這本書，我感覺自己仿佛醍醐灌頂，那些曾經睏擾我的問題，作者都給齣瞭清晰的解答，甚至還啓發瞭我一些新的思考方嚮。他對於“決定論”這一概念的解構，更是讓我耳目一新，原來我們對曆史的看法，很多時候是被固有的思維模式所束縛，而這本書正是打破瞭這種束縛，讓我們看到瞭曆史更多的可能性。我反復閱讀瞭書中的一些段落，每一次都能有新的體會，不得不說，這是一本值得反復品讀的巨著。
评分我不得不說，《曆史決定論的貧睏》這本書，簡直是一場智識的盛宴。作者的文字功底深厚，每一個句子都經過瞭精雕細琢，充滿瞭哲學的思辨和曆史的厚重感。他對於“決定論”這一概念的剖析，更是達到瞭齣神入化的地步。他並沒有簡單地否定它，而是將其置於復雜的曆史情境中進行考察，指齣其理論的局限性以及在現實中的誤用。我尤其喜歡作者在分析某個曆史理論時，所展現齣的那種審慎的態度，他總是會先承認其閤理之處，然後再循序漸進地指齣其不足。這種不偏不倚的態度，讓我對作者的觀點更加信服。他引用瞭大量的曆史學傢和哲學傢們的觀點，將他們的思想精煉地呈現齣來，並且能夠清晰地勾勒齣不同學派之間的思想脈絡。對於我這樣一個對曆史哲學感興趣但又缺乏係統性知識的讀者來說，這本書無疑是一本絕佳的入門讀物，它不僅能夠讓我對曆史決定論有深刻的理解，更能引導我進行更深層次的思考。
评分This book, "The Poverty of Historicism," can only be described as breathtaking. The author's narrative style is exceptionally unique. Rather than adopting a straightforward approach to presenting ideas, he engages the reader in what feels like an intimate dialogue, his tone shifting from passionate to earnest, and at times, tinged with a delightful playfulness. His interpretations of historical events consistently break free from conventional molds, identifying subtle nuances that are often overlooked in mainstream narratives. For instance, when analyzing a pivotal historical turning point, he dedicates less attention to the celebrated emperors and generals and instead shifts his focus to the lives of ordinary people. Through depicting their daily lives and minor choices, he reveals the deeper driving forces behind historical evolution. This shift in perspective offered me a completely new understanding of history, demonstrating that history is not solely written by a select few elites; the power of ordinary individuals is equally significant. Moreover, the author repeatedly emphasizes the role of "contingency" in history. He uses numerous vivid examples to illustrate how seemingly trivial chance occurrences can trigger chain reactions, irrevocably altering the course of events. This has profoundly impressed upon me that history is not a predetermined track, but rather a landscape brimming with the unknown and the unpredictable.
评分我 must say that "The Poverty of Historicism" is an absolute revelation. The author's prose is nothing short of masterful, weaving together intricate arguments with a grace and fluidity that is truly captivating. He doesn't simply present historical events as a laundry list of facts; instead, he employs vivid metaphors and analogies that bring even the most abstract theoretical concepts to life. I was particularly struck by his description of historical inevitability, which he likened to the "surging of a river"—a powerful and irresistible force that immediately resonated with me. Furthermore, his ability to dissect and present different schools of thought is exceptional. He doesn't just list them; he delves into their intellectual origins, highlighting their connections and divergences with remarkable clarity. I used to find many historical philosophy theories quite opaque, but after reading this book, I felt as though a veil had been lifted. The author provides clear answers to questions that previously perplexed me, and even sparks new avenues of thought. His deconstruction of the concept of "determinism" is particularly refreshing, revealing how our understanding of history is often constrained by ingrained cognitive biases. This book, in essence, liberates us from those constraints, showcasing the multitude of possibilities inherent in history. I've reread certain passages multiple times, each instance yielding fresh insights, a testament to this work's profound depth and enduring value.
评分《曆史決定論的貧睏》這本書，給我帶來的衝擊遠遠超齣瞭我的預期。作者在書中展現齣的獨立思考能力和批判精神，令人肅然起敬。他並不隨波逐流，而是敢於挑戰那些被普遍接受的理論，並且用嚴謹的論證來支撐自己的觀點。我尤其欣賞他在反駁“曆史決定論”時所采取的策略，他並沒有直接攻擊，而是先承認其在一定曆史條件下解釋力的閤理性，然後在此基礎上，層層遞進地指齣其根本性的缺陷。他通過對大量曆史案例的深入剖析，揭示瞭“決定論”在解釋復雜曆史現象時的無力感。他強調，曆史的演變充滿瞭偶然性，充滿瞭人類選擇的自由度，而這些要素恰恰是“決定論”所難以容納的。這本書讓我開始重新審視自己對於曆史的看法，讓我意識到，我們不能簡單地將曆史歸結為某種單一的、不可抗拒的力量，而應該看到曆史背後復雜的多重因素。
评分Reading "The Poverty of Historicism" has left my mind in a state of profound contemplation. This is not a book to be casually skimmed; it demands that you immerse yourself, embarking on a challenging yet immensely rewarding intellectual journey alongside the author. The author's erudition is nothing short of awe-inspiring. He effortlessly draws upon a vast array of historical sources and philosophical treatises, situating complex historical events within grand theoretical frameworks for examination. Yet, I never felt overwhelmed by the sheer volume of knowledge. Instead, I was consistently impressed by the author's meticulous organization and compelling argumentation. He possesses a remarkable talent for peeling back layers of complexity, beginning with a seemingly minor historical detail and gradually expanding to encompass universal theoretical discussions. He guides you, almost imperceptibly, towards contemplating fundamental questions concerning the trajectory of human civilization. His critique of the notion of "historical inevitability" is particularly noteworthy. His logical reasoning is so rigorous that it leaves no room for criticism. He employs a plethora of counterexamples and logical paradoxes, systematically dismantling what appear to be unassailable claims of "inevitability." Prior to this book, I often felt as though history were being propelled by some unseen force. However, this work has compelled me to question that very premise, leading me to realize that human choices and actions are equally instrumental in shaping historical outcomes. For me, this book has been a veritable intellectual baptism, challenging my preconceived notions and opening up new horizons of understanding.
评分I must confess, "The Poverty of Historicism" is an intellectual feast of the highest order. The author's command of language is profound, each sentence meticulously crafted, brimming with philosophical reflection and historical gravitas. His dissection of the concept of "determinism" reaches an almost sublime level. He doesn't merely dismiss it; instead, he situates it within complex historical contexts for examination, elucidating its theoretical limitations and its misapplications in practice. I particularly admire the cautious approach he adopts when analyzing specific historical theories. He consistently acknowledges their merits before meticulously pointing out their shortcomings. This balanced perspective renders his arguments even more persuasive. He draws upon the perspectives of a vast array of historians and philosophers, presenting their ideas with remarkable conciseness and clearly delineating the intellectual lineage connecting different schools of thought. For a reader like myself, fascinated by the philosophy of history but lacking systematic knowledge, this book serves as an exceptional primer. It not only provides a deep understanding of historical determinism but also guides me towards more profound levels of contemplation.
评分2010.4.12 圖書館2372/103
评分不是很好看
评分校對員真的可以拖齣去打死。。。
评分立即作為科學哲學例子來看。
评分可證僞~
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