Lucian (ca. 120–190 CE), the satirist from Samosata on the Euphrates, started as an apprentice sculptor, turned to rhetoric and visited Italy and Gaul as a successful travelling lecturer, before settling in Athens and developing his original brand of satire. Late in life he fell on hard times and accepted an official post in Egypt.

Although notable for the Attic purity and elegance of his Greek and his literary versatility, Lucian is chiefly famed for the lively, cynical wit of the humorous dialogues in which he satirises human folly, superstition and hypocrisy. His aim was to amuse rather than to instruct. Among his best works are A True Story (the tallest of tall stories about a voyage to the moon), Dialogues of the Gods (a ’reductio ad absurdum’ of traditional mythology), Dialogues of the Dead (on the vanity of human wishes), Philosophies for Sale (great philosophers of the past are auctioned off as slaves), The Fisherman (the degeneracy of modern philosophers), The Carousal or Symposium (philosophers misbehave at a party), Timon (the problems of being rich), Twice Accused (Lucian’s defence of his literary career) and (if by Lucian) The Ass (the amusing adventures of a man who is turned into an ass).

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Satire blends with comic art in Lucian’s tales, fantasies, and dialogues. With ebullient wit he mocks teachers of literature, the various philosophical schools, popular religions, historians and writers, the Olympian gods, and the foibles of mortals. In The Dream he jocularly recounts his own career. Native of Samosata on the Euphrates, Lucian traveled widely in the Roman Empire as far as Gaul. His 80 extant works (published here in 8 volumes) offer insight on the intellectual world of the second century CE along with mischievous and sophisticated entertainment.

From Lucian comes a comic view of the Greek symposium, in his piece titled Carousal in Harmon’s translation. The great satirist crowds into his dinner party Stoics, Epicureans, Peripatetics, and Cynics--but there is as much high-spirited clowning as philosophy to be relished here. This first of the eight-volume edition of Lucian contains fourteen other pieces, including one of the earliest examples of science fiction, A True Story, the tallest of tall stories about a voyage to the moon.