史蒂文·J.布拉姆斯

Steven J. Brams

紐約大學政治學係教授，美國著名的博弈論理論傢，對博弈論做齣過多項重要理論貢獻。早在20世紀70年代，他開創性地把博弈論和社會選擇理論應用於投票和選舉、談判和公平、國際關係、聖經、神學和文學之上，大大拓寬瞭博弈論的研究領域。他是運用博弈論分析超級大國衝突的重要代錶，正是在他的大力倡導之下，學術界纔開始嘗試用博弈論的方法來研究冷戰時期的美蘇對峙。繼布坎南、圖洛剋之後，任公共選擇學會主席（2004—2006年）。撰有（包括與他人閤著、閤編）17本著作和250餘篇論文。

In this unusual book, first published by The MIT Press in 1980 and now updated with a new chapter, Steven Brams applies the mathematical theory of games to the Hebrew Bible. Brams's thesis is that God and the human biblical characters acted rationally--that is, given their preferences and their knowledge of other players' preferences, they made strategy choices that led to the best attainable outcomes.<br /> <br /> Beginning with the Creation and focusing on those stories richest in conflict and intrigue, Brams uses elementary game-theoretic tools to elucidate the rational calculations of biblical players and to show precisely the manner in which they sought to achieve their goals. He relies almost exclusively on noncooperative theory, making use of both game tree and matrix forms of games. Brams uses his strategic analyses to build a detailed assessment of God's character and motivations, including the reasons for His frequently wrathful behavior. Brams's insights have application to biblical studies, the philosophy of religion, political theory, and game theory and methodology.<br /> <br /> In the new chapter, Brams surveys the literature of the past twenty years on political-strategic interpretations of the Hebrew Bible. He also extends the game-theoretic analysis, using the theory of moves, to study a counterfactual situation--what if Abraham had refused God's command to sacrifice Isaac?--and to examine the rationality of believing in a superior being.