Preface ix
Introduction 1
chapter 1 Translation Studies: The emergence of a discipline 5
1.1 Great precursors 6
1.2 Paving the way: From Jakobson to Paepcke 20
1.3 The pragmatic turn in linguistics 35
1.4 The legacy of James Holmes 40
chapter 2 The cultural turn of the 1980s 47
2.1 Descriptive Translation Studies: The “Manipulation School” revisited 47
2.2 The skopos theory and its functional approach 51
2.3 The model of translatorial action 56
2.4 Deconstruction, or the “cannibalistic” approach 60
2.5 The 1980s in retrospect 63
chapter 3 The “interdiscipline” of the 1990s 69
3.1 Beyond language 70
3.1.1 Of norms, memes and ethics 72
3.1.2 Translation and nonverbal communication 79
3.1.3 Translating multimodal texts 84
3.2 “Imperial eyes” 90
3.2.1 Postcolonial translation 92
3.2.2 Gender-based Translation Studies 100
3.3 The positions of the reader 104
3.3.1 Applying a functional model of translation critique 109
chapter 4 The turns of the 1990s 115
4.1 The empirical turn 115
4.1.1 New fields of interpreting studies 116
4.1.2 Empirical studies in translation 123
4.2 The globalization turn 128
4.2.1 Technology and the translator 130
4.2.2 Translation and advertising 134
4.2.3 The empire of English 139
4.3 Venuti’s foreignization: A new paradigm? 145
chapter 5 At the turn of the millenium: State of the discipline 149
5.1 The U-turns – back to square one? 150
5.2 New paradigms or shifting viewpoints? 159
5.3 “Make dialogue, not war”: Moving towards a “translation turn”. 164
chapter 6 Translation Studies – future perspectives 171
References 177
Subject index 199
Author index 203
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