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出版者:Doubleday

作者:Anne Applebaum

出品人:

页数:720

译者:

出版时间:2003-4-29

价格:USD 35.00

装帧:Hardcover

isbn号码:9780767900560

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图书标签:

苏联历史
古拉格
集中营
斯大林
政治迫害
苏联文学
历史研究
回忆录
20世纪历史
极权主义

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具体描述

The Gulag—the vast array of Soviet concentration camps—was a system of repression and punishment whose rationalized evil and institutionalized inhumanity were rivaled only by the Holocaust.

The Gulag entered the world’s historical consciousness in 1972, with the publication of Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s epic oral history of the Soviet camps, The Gulag Archipelago . Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, dozens of memoirs and new studies covering aspects of that system have been published in Russia and the West. Using these new resources as well as her own original historical research, Anne Applebaum has now undertaken, for the first time, a fully documented history of the Soviet camp system, from its origins in the Russian Revolution to its collapse in the era of glasnost. It is an epic feat of investigation and moral reckoning that places the Gulag where it belongs: at the center of our understanding of the troubled history of the twentieth century.

Anne Applebaum first lays out the chronological history of the camps and the logic behind their creation, enlargement, and maintenance. The Gulag was first put in place in 1918 after the Russian Revolution. In 1929, Stalin personally decided to expand the camp system, both to use forced labor to accelerate Soviet industrialization and to exploit the natural resources of the country’s barely habitable far northern regions. By the end of the 1930s, labor camps could be found in all twelve of the Soviet Union’s time zones. The system continued to expand throughout the war years, reaching its height only in the early 1950s. From 1929 until the death of Stalin in 1953, some 18 million people passed through this massive system. Of these 18 million, it is estimated that 4.5 million never returned.

But the Gulag was not just an economic institution. It also became, over time, a country within a country, almost a separate civilization, with its own laws, customs, literature, folklore, slang, and morality. Topic by topic, Anne Applebaum also examines how life was lived within this shadow country: how prisoners worked, how they ate, where they lived, how they died, how they survived. She examines their guards and their jailers, the horrors of transportation in empty cattle cars, the strange nature of Soviet arrests and trials, the impact of World War II, the relations between different national and religious groups, and the escapes, as well as the extraordinary rebellions that took place in the 1950s. She concludes by examining the disturbing question why the Gulag has remained relatively obscure, in the historical memory of both the former Soviet Union and the West.

Gulag: A History will immediately be recognized as a landmark work of historical scholarship and an indelible contribution to the complex, ongoing, necessary quest for truth.

《静水流深》在北国深邃的寂静中，一场漫长的等待如同凝固的河流，无声无息地向前推进。主人公艾琳娜，一位年轻而坚韧的女性，她的生活轨迹被突如其来的变故打乱，被迫踏上了一段充满未知与艰辛的旅程。她并非为了逃离，也不是为了追寻什么传说中的宝藏，她的动力源于最朴素却也最强大的情感——对亲人的牵挂与守护。故事发生在二十世纪中期，一个时代变革的洪流裹挟着个体命运。艾琳娜的丈夫，一位才华横溢的科学家，在一场政治风暴中不幸失踪。没有明确的罪名，没有公开的审判，他只是从所有人的视线中消失了，如同被严寒吞噬的飞鸟。留给艾琳娜的，是沉重的沉默和难以言喻的忧虑。她知道，在这个国家，有许多地方，沉默比任何言语都更具力量，而有些失踪，则意味着永恒的黑暗。为了寻找丈夫的下落，艾琳娜踏上了前往遥远北方的信息搜寻之路。她并非孤身一人，身边有着几位同样怀揣希望或被命运推搡着的人。有经验丰富、见多识广的老妇人，她经历了时代的变迁，眼神里藏着阅不尽的沧桑；有沉默寡言、身手敏捷的年轻人，他似乎隐藏着自己的故事，却愿意为艾琳娜提供帮助；还有一个看似冷漠却内心善良的中年男人，他曾经在这片土地上经历过难以磨灭的创伤，如今却选择用另一种方式赎罪。他们因为各自的原因，聚集在了一起，共同面对着北国严酷的环境和人心的复杂。他们的旅程并非一帆风顺。恶劣的气候是自然的挑战，茫茫的雪原、刺骨的寒风、短暂的白昼，每一天都是对生存的考验。但比自然更为严峻的，是人心的隔阂与猜忌。在那个信息闭塞、人人自危的年代，信任如同一件奢侈品，难以获得。每一次的询问，都可能引来警惕的目光；每一次的打探，都可能触碰敏感的神经。他们必须学会观察，学会倾听，在细微的言语和肢体动作中寻找真相的线索。艾琳娜的目标是找到丈夫可能被关押或流放的地点，哪怕只是一线生机，她也不会放弃。她听闻了许多关于遥远北方劳改营的传说，那些地方的名字如同诅咒，在人们的低语中流传。她知道，那里不仅有严酷的劳动，更有被剥夺尊严的灵魂。她的寻访之路，就是穿越这些传说，寻找被掩埋的真相。在寻找的过程中，艾琳娜见证了人性的不同侧面。有善良与互助，即使在最艰难的时刻，陌生人之间也会伸出援手，分享仅有的食物和温暖；也有冷漠与麻木，有些人选择视而不见，在生存的压力下，人性的光辉有时显得微弱。她亲眼看到，在极端的环境下，人们如何为了生存而挣扎，如何为了微小的希望而坚持。她还接触到了不同身份的人们，有在严寒中坚持工作的普通劳动者，有看守人员，他们同样身处体制之中，有着各自的无奈与挣扎。她试图从他们身上获取关于丈夫的信息，每一个细微的眼神交流，每一次不经意的提及，都可能成为解开谜团的钥匙。《静水流深》所描绘的，不仅仅是一场关于寻找的旅程，更是一次关于坚持、关于希望、关于在绝望中寻找光明的深刻探索。它展现了在极端环境下，人性的坚韧与脆弱，以及情感的力量如何超越一切。艾琳娜的每一次前行，都是对未知命运的挑战，她用自己的脚步丈量着这片土地的广袤与神秘，也用自己的心去感受着那些被时代洪流裹挟的生命。故事的结局并非预设的团圆，也并非彻底的绝望。它更多的是关于一个人的成长，关于在经历中获得的力量，关于即使面对无法改变的现实，依然能够保持内心的宁静与坚守。静水流深，那些不为人知的经历，那些隐藏在岁月中的伤痕，最终都会沉淀下来，成为生命中最深刻的印记。这趟旅程，改变了艾琳娜，也让她明白了，有时候，寻找本身，就是一种力量。

作者简介

作者：（美国）安妮•阿普尔鲍姆译者：戴大洪

安妮•阿普尔鲍姆，《华盛顿邮报》专栏作家和编辑部成员（2002-2006）。毕业于耶鲁大学（1986），马歇尔奖学金获得者（1987）。曾担任（伦敦）《旁观者》杂志国外编辑，《经济学家》杂志驻华沙记者和网络杂志《石板》以及一些英国报纸的专栏作家。作品还发表在《纽约书评》、《外交季刊》、《华尔街日报》以及许多其他报纸刊物上。她的著作还有《东方与西方之间：跨越欧洲的中间地带》。