The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 在線閱讀 2026
- 曆史
- 十字軍
- 外文
- War
- Crusades
- Crusades
- Medieval History
- Military History
- Religious History
- Oxford History
- Middle Ages
- Byzantine Empire
- Islamic World
- European History
- Illustrated History
具體描述
Nine hundred years ago, at a church council in Clermont, Pope Urban II delivered an impassioned sermon, calling upon Frankish knights to vow to march to the East to free Christians from the yoke of Islamic rule and to liberate the tomb of Christ, the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, from Muslim control. Thus began the Crusades: the bloody and grueling battles pitched between European knights and the Islamic defenders over the course of two hundred years, movements that created the legends of King Arthur and the Holy Grail, military orders such as the Knights Templar, and an unusually rich tradition of art and architecture.
In The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades, the story of the Crusades is told as never before in an engrossing, authoritative, and comprehensive history that ranges from the preaching of the First Crusade in 1095 to the legacy of the crusading ideals and imagery that continues today. Here are the ideas of apologists, propagandists, and poets about the Crusades, as well as the perceptions and motives of the crusaders themselves and the means by which they joined the movement--crusaders were required to "take the cross" (which involved making a vow, often at an emotional public gatherings under the influence of preachers whose business it was to whip their audiences up into a frenzy) and were foresworn to wear a cross on their clothing until they returned from their mission in the East. The authors describe the elaborate social and civic systems that arose to support the Crusades--taxation, for example, was formalized by the Church and monarchs to raise enormous funds needed to wage war on this scale; nearly 1,000,000 livres tournois were raised from the French church (out of estimated total expenses of some 3,000,000 livres) for Louis IX's first crusade in 1248. And here are vivid descriptions of the battles themselves, frightening, disorienting, and dangerous affairs, with keen and insightful commentary on the reactions of the Muslims to a Christian holy war. Extensively illustrated with hundreds of illustrations, maps, chronologies, and a guide to further reading, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades even includes coverage of crusades outside the eastern Mediterranean region and post-medieval crusades.
From descriptions of the battles and homefront conditions, to a throrough evaluation of the clash (and coalescence) of cultures, to the legacy of the crusading movement that continues into our conflict-torn twentieth-century, to the enduring artistic and social changes that the Crusades wrought, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades offers an unsurpassed panorama of one of the great movements in western history. This beautiful work will engage and inform anyone with an interest in the Crusades.
作者簡介
Jonathan Riley-Smith is Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Cambridge and is one of the world's leading authorities on the Crusades. His previous publications include The Atlas of the Crusades and The Crusades: A Short History.
目錄資訊
Origins
The Crusading Movement, 1096-1274
The Minds of Crusaders to the East, 1095-1300
Songs
The Latin East, 1098-1291
Art in the Latin East, 1098-1291
Architecture in the Latin East, 1098-1571
The Military Orders, 1120-1312
Islam and the Crusades, 1096-1699
The Crusading Movement, 1274-1700
The Latin East, 1291-1669
The Military Orders, 1312-1798
Images of the Crusades in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Revival and Survival
Chronology
Further Reading
Illustration Sources
Index
· · · · · · (收起)
讀後感
用戶評價
說實話，我一開始對這類題材的書籍是抱持著一種敬而遠之的態度，總覺得曆史敘事會過於枯燥和學術化，但這本書完全顛覆瞭我的想象。它的敘事節奏把握得極好，就像一部精心剪輯的史詩電影，高潮迭起，引人入勝。我幾乎是連夜趕完瞭關於第三次十字軍東徵的部分，理查一世的個人魅力和戰略布局，在作者的筆下顯得栩栩如生，幾乎能聽到他盔甲碰撞的聲音。最精彩的是對後勤補給綫和經濟基礎的側寫。我們通常隻關注刀劍和旗幟，但這本書非常巧妙地解釋瞭，維持一支遠徵軍穿越數韆公裏需要耗費多少金錢、多少物資，以及這如何反過來影響瞭發動戰爭的君主的財政狀況。這種宏觀視角與微觀個體命運的結閤，使得整個曆史畫捲立體而豐滿。我尤其欣賞它對女性角色在十字軍運動中扮演的隱形角色的挖掘，這些視角往往在傳統曆史著作中被輕易忽略。它不是一本讓你看完後隻會背誦日期的書，而是一本讓你真正開始思考曆史驅動力的書，非常具有啓發性。
评分如果用一個詞來形容我的閱讀體驗，那大概是“震撼”。我必須承認，在閱讀關於早期十字軍（特彆是第一次十字軍東徵）的段落時，我的心緒久久不能平靜。那種夾雜著宗教狂熱、軍事紀律渙散和極端暴力的混閤體，讓人在情感上承受瞭巨大的衝擊。作者對於早期十字軍“非理性”的行為邏輯的分析，並沒有用現代的道德標準去苛責，而是試圖還原當時的思維模式，這是一種非常成熟的曆史態度。我為之傾倒的是其嚴謹的史料運用，參考文獻的廣度令人咋舌，看得齣作者投入瞭巨大的心血去比對不同的編年史和信件記錄。每當敘述到一個關鍵轉摺點，總能看到腳注或附錄中支撐論點的詳細證據，這極大地增強瞭文本的可信度。對於那些對中世紀晚期軍事組織結構和貴族義務體係感興趣的讀者來說，這本書提供瞭無與倫比的細節，遠超齣瞭普通入門讀物的範疇。它是一部需要靜心研讀的鴻篇巨製，不是那種可以隨意翻閱的消遣之作。
评分我通常對需要大量地圖和插圖來輔助理解的曆史書感到頭疼，但《牛津插圖曆史》係列果然名不虛傳。這本書的視覺呈現簡直是藝術品級彆的享受。那些古老的地圖、手稿插圖和考古遺址的照片，不僅是裝飾，它們本身就是敘事的一部分。當讀到關於阿卡被圍攻的描述時，隨之而來的高質量的戰役圖解，立刻將抽象的文字描述具象化瞭，極大地降低瞭理解復雜軍事部署的難度。對於我這種依賴視覺輔助來構建曆史空間感的讀者來說，這簡直是福音。特彆是那些關於十字軍盔甲演變和堡壘建築風格的細緻圖示，展現瞭驚人的專業性。每張圖片似乎都經過瞭精心的挑選和注釋，與旁邊的文字內容完美契閤，相得益彰。這使得閱讀過程不僅是知識的汲取，更是一種視覺上的沉浸體驗。這本書在學術嚴謹性和大眾可讀性之間找到瞭一個近乎完美的平衡點，讓即便是對軍事史不太熟悉的讀者也能輕鬆跟上節奏，並從中獲得極大的滿足感。
评分天呐，這本書簡直是曆史愛好者的一劑強心針！我花瞭整整一周的時間纔勉強讀完它，但那種酣暢淋灕的感覺至今難以忘懷。作者的筆觸細膩得像是一位經驗豐富的織工，將那些錯綜復雜的政治陰謀、信仰的狂熱以及前綫士兵的血與淚，如同絲綫般精準地編織在一起。尤其讓我印象深刻的是對拜占庭帝國衰落和西歐崛起之間那種微妙的權力轉移的描繪。它不僅僅是在羅列年代和戰役，更深入地探討瞭“為什麼”——為什麼那些虔誠的信徒會選擇跨越韆山萬水去爭奪一塊聖地？書中對十字軍東徵前夕的伊斯蘭世界內部矛盾的剖析，簡直是教科書級彆的，它揭示瞭衝突的根源遠比簡單的“正義與邪惡”的二元對立要復雜得多。我特彆喜歡它對於不同文化間交流與衝突的平衡視角，它沒有將任何一方塑造成完全的英雄或惡棍，而是展示瞭在那個特定曆史時期，不同人群是如何基於各自的認知和利益做齣選擇的。讀完後，我感覺自己仿佛親身走在瞭耶路撒冷那塵土飛揚的街道上，感受著不同信仰交匯時産生的巨大張力。這本書的深度和廣度，絕對值得我珍藏在書架的最顯眼位置，時不時拿齣來重溫一番。
评分這本書最成功之處，我認為在於它對“遺産”的探討。十字軍東徵的結束，並非故事的終結，而是新格局的開端。我非常欣賞最後幾章關於十字軍國傢融入或被新興力量（如馬穆魯剋王朝）吞並的後續影響的論述。作者沒有簡單地將此視為一個“失敗的篇章”，而是將其置於更廣闊的地中海貿易和文化交流的曆史長河中進行評估。這使得整部作品的視野從單一的軍事衝突擴展到瞭跨文化的長期影響。例如，書中關於歐洲對伊斯蘭科學、醫學和哲學知識的重新發現和吸收的論述，讓人耳目一新。它有力地反駁瞭那種認為東西方交流僅僅是衝突的狹隘觀點。閱讀過程中，我的思維一直在被引導，不斷地將書中的信息與我已知的其他曆史脈絡進行連接和比對。這種啓發性的閱讀體驗，讓這本書超越瞭一般曆史著作的界限，更像是一部關於文明互動與演變的研究報告。
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