Due to worldwide economical and political pressures, millions of people have emigrated in recent decades, and many countries have become increasingly multicultural. Cross-lingual and cross-cultural interactions are growing, both within and across nations. As a consequence, professionals in psychology, psychiatry, neurology and related fields have to take cultural factors into account as they diagnose and treat their patients. Clinicians have to develop cultural awareness, knowledge, and skills to work with clients whose cultural background is different fom their own, a development which poses great theoretical and practical challenges for the field of neuropsychology. This special issue is intended to contribute to the analysis of similarities and diferences in neuropsychological functions from memory span to moral judgement. It also addresses the question of how rehabilitation programs could be composed in different cultural settings. This special issue was accepted under the editorship of Laura Herandez-Guzman.