For Curriculum and Curriculum Planning courses at the undergraduate and graduate level. With its focus on the application of theory to actual classroom practice, this text's treatment of the full spectrum of curriculum design and practice has set the standard for completeness for nearly two decades. Part I explores the historical roots of current curriculum issues and practices, emphasizing the assessment of leading efforts at reform. Part II offers a critique of changing concepts of curriculum, conflicting curriculum and educational rationales, and influences for and against change. In Part III, major crosscurrents in reform and reconstruction are discussed, including social crises, the "knowledge explosion", curriculum articulation, and emerging designs. Part IV focuses on curriculum research and improvement, paying particular attention to the roles of teachers, supervisors, administrators, and curriculum specialists in the process.