Jeremy Waldron is University Professor in the School of Law at New York University.
发表于2024-12-23
One Another's Equals 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书
图书标签: 伦理学 政治哲学 平等与不平等 哲学
An enduring theme of Western philosophy is that we are all one another’s equals. Yet the principle of basic equality is woefully under-explored in modern moral and political philosophy. In a major new work, Jeremy Waldron attempts to remedy that shortfall with a subtle and multifaceted account of the basis for the West’s commitment to human equality.
What does it mean to say we are all one another’s equals? Is this supposed to distinguish humans from other animals? What is human equality based on? Is it a religious idea, or a matter of human rights? Is there some essential feature that all human beings have in common? Waldron argues that there is no single characteristic that serves as the basis of equality. He says the case for moral equality rests on four capacities that all humans have the potential to possess in some degree: reason, autonomy, moral agency, and ability to love. But how should we regard the differences that people display on these various dimensions? And what are we to say about those who suffer from profound disability—people whose claim to humanity seems to outstrip any particular capacities they have along these lines?
Waldron, who has worked on the nature of equality for many years, confronts these questions and others fully and unflinchingly. Based on the Gifford Lectures he delivered at the University of Edinburgh in 2015, One Another’s Equals takes Waldron’s thinking further and deeper than ever before.
Excellent scholarship. The book is written in very good prose although the discussions are sometimes repetitive and discursive.
评分Excellent scholarship. The book is written in very good prose although the discussions are sometimes repetitive and discursive.
评分全书无力处理的核心矛盾是事实与规范之间的关系究竟是什么,这就使得W在提问时陷入如下误区:将规范性命题的理由视为“经验事实”,拒绝了形而上学论证而将康德系(罗尔斯、阿伦特)哲学人类学主体预设理解为幅度属性。而且深层平等的基础究竟是什么,作者语焉不详。限于讲稿成书,论证线索太过于散漫,问题推进比较混杂。试图从德沃金出发以不同于德沃金的方法论证其尊严的两个原则,可惜完败。
评分核心的两三讲组织得很混乱,首先规范性如何supervene on range porperties没讲明白,其次如何确定这些平等的porperties而非其他的同样明显的porperties似乎是专断的,这就使得basic equality给出的似乎非论证的答案。
评分本书尝试回应的问题是:我们在公共或私人事务中常常具备一些关于人人平等的道德直觉或考量判断,但我们多将其视为给定而很少就其基础展开更深层次的探讨,是否可能从人类的一些自身条件或特性出发,使'基本平等'可被理解?作者认为一系列’域特性'(例如理性思考能力,道德能动性,爱的能力)的获得潜能及其脆弱性是我们理解'基本平等'的关键(注意作者不是说这些特性应然地决定了基本平等的原则)。但不很清楚的是:该原则究竟适用于具备所有域特性潜能的个体抑或其中单一特性就足够?如果基本平等的核心意涵是每个个体的利益都应予以平等考量,没说清楚域特性(单个或全部)是如何支撑这规范性要求。从宗教出发的基本平等是世俗理解的平行叙事抑或在回应比世俗理解更深层次的问题?W师一贯的深入浅出,就平等议题言是很不错的入门书
One Another's Equals 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书