The Shadow Economy 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书


The Shadow Economy

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发表于2024-11-26

The Shadow Economy 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书

The Shadow Economy 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书

The Shadow Economy 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书



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出版者:Cambridge Univ Pr
作者:Schneider, Friedrich/ Enste, Dominik H.
出品人:
页数:238
译者:
出版时间:2003-3
价格:$ 100.57
装帧:HRD
isbn号码:9780521814089
丛书系列:

图书标签: 经济学   


The Shadow Economy 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书 图书描述

Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. Friedrich Schneider and Dominik H. Enste use currency demand, physical input (electricity) method, and the model approach to estimate the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition and OECD-countries. They argue that during the 1990s the average size of a shadow economy varied from 12 per cent of GDP for OECD, to 23 per cent for transition and to 39% for developing countries. They examine the causes and consequences of this development using an integrated approach explaining deviant behaviour, which combines the findings of economic, sociological and psychological research. The authors suggest that increasing taxation, social security contributions, rising state regulatory activities and the decline of the tax morale, are all driving forces behind this growth, especially in OECD-countries. They propose a reform of state institutions to improve the dynamics of the official economy.

The Shadow Economy 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书

The Shadow Economy 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书
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