The book uses a range of S&T and structural indicators to analyse the transformation process, in particular the transformation of science, technology and industry, in the former communist countries. In-depth assessment of restructuring patterns in the region provides a good basis for an understanding of how restructuring in S&T is linked to industrial restructuring, and to general economic and social transformation. The book contains 22 contributions, organised into six sections addressing the issues of transformation of science, technology and industry, using structural analysis, bibliometrics, R&D data, innovation surveys, trade data, IT statistics and human resources data. The papers share a common framework in terms of use of indicators, being primarily analytical, focusing on policy-relevant issues and patterns of change. The book - the first to cover processes of post-socialist change from this methodological viewpoint - is a unique contribution to our understanding of transformation in science, technology, and industry, and growth in these countries. Readership: Students of area studies, growth and innovation, and policy makers and policy analysts.