Discipline and Experience 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书

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发表于2024-09-21

Discipline and Experience 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书

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出版者:University Of Chicago Press

作者:Peter Dear

出品人:

页数:304

译者:

出版时间:1995-11-25

价格:USD 46.00

装帧:Paperback

isbn号码:9780226139449

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Although the scientific revolution has long been regarded as the beginning of modern science, there has been little consensus about its true character. While the application of mathematics to the study of the natural world has always been recognized as an important factor, the role of experiment has been less clearly understood. Peter Dear investigates the nature of the change that occurred during this period, focusing particular attention on evolving notions of experience and how these developed into the experimental work that is at the centre of modern science. He examines 17th-century mathematical sciences - astronomy, optics and mechanics - not as abstract ideas, but as vital enterprises that involved practices related to both experience and experiment. Dear illuminates how mathematicians and natural philosophers of the period - Mersenne, Descartes, Pascal, Barrow, Newton, Boyle and the Jesuits - used experience in their argumentation, and how and why these approaches changed over the course of a century. Drawing on mathematical texts and works of natural philosophy from all over Europe, he describes a process of change that was gradual, halting, sometimes contradictory - far from the sharp break with intellectual tradition implied by the term "revolution."

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有一点啰嗦，一些标题党，因为内容跟一般数学史上认知问题关系不大。主要有意思的论点有1. 在Aristotelian framework中universal experience（例如太阳的轨迹自西向东这种）而不是个别isolated events（例如需要特殊器皿的实验）才能构成合格的knowledge claims，实验证明成为科学论证的标准也是经历了一个过程。2.原来数学和物理的学科分界比较显著，数学是关于geometrical demonstration (of matter in motion)，物理是关于自然因果关系。17世纪这两个学科才正大光明地合并在一起诞生了牛顿力学。

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