Land Public Transport continues to gain greater attention in transport policy and economics, given its importance in assisting social cohesion and its contribution to reducing congestion and emissions. The chapters in this book are a refereed selection of the best papers initially presented at the 9th International Conference of Competition and Ownership of Land Passenger Transport (The Thredbo Series) in Lisbon in 2005. This was the ninth in a series of Thredbo conferences on the same general topic, gathering some of the worlds best specialists in the field, from academia and from practice from all continents.The range of current issues and depth of their treatment makes this a very valuable book for scientists and practitioners alike who desire to keep abreast of the very latest developments in institutional reform in land passenger transport. This book is unique in its behavioral science perspective on the threats to quality of urban life from car use and policy measures to reduce car use. It provides a consolidated reference in car ownership and use. Key topical area backed up by international policy e.g. The Kyoto Protocol