The Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture was first published in 1989. It is a two volume Encyclopedia containing biographical and topic entries ranging from 200 to 1000 words each, written by experts from all over the world. In addition, there are also 5000 word essays which contextualise the shorter entries, and provide overviews to aspects of culture in the Jewish world. These essays are predominantly written by scholars and academics. Culture is defined very broadly, covering the humanities, arts, social sciences, sport and popular culture. This new edition has been updated throughout. As far as Jewish culture in its broadest sense is concerned, much has changed: Jewish demography has altered. Social, political and religious structures have radically changed, with new communities revealed. Ultra-Orthodox and religious nationalist militancy in Israel and Jewish fundamentalism worldwide have grown and counteractive movements founded, especially in the USA, changing diaspora Jewish political culture. Holocaust-related study and activities have also greatly increased.