Cannibal Talk

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出版者:University of California Press
作者:Gananath Obeyesekere
出品人:
页数:340
译者:
出版时间:2005-6-6
价格:USD 31.95
装帧:Paperback
isbn号码:9780520243088
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 食人族
  • 人类学
  • 文化研究
  • 禁忌
  • 仪式
  • 社会学
  • 历史
  • 口述历史
  • 太平洋地区
  • 殖民主义
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具体描述

In this radical reexamination of the notion of cannibalism, Gananath Obeyesekere offers a fascinating and convincing argument that cannibalism is mostly "cannibal talk," a discourse on the Other engaged in by both indigenous peoples and colonial intruders that results in sometimes funny and sometimes deadly cultural misunderstandings. Turning his keen intelligence to Polynesian societies in the early periods of European contact and colonization, Obeyesekere deconstructs Western eyewitness accounts, carefully examining their origins and treating them as a species of fiction writing and seamen's yarns. Cannibalism is less a social or cultural fact than a mythic representation of European writing that reflects much more the realities of European societies and their fascination with the practice of cannibalism, he argues. And while very limited forms of cannibalism might have occurred in Polynesian societies, they were largely in connection with human sacrifice and carried out by a select community in well-defined sacramental rituals. Cannibal Talk considers how the colonial intrusion produced a complex self-fulfilling prophecy whereby the fantasy of cannibalism became a reality as natives on occasion began to eat both Europeans and their own enemies in acts of "conspicuous anthropophagy."

《食人者之语》(Cannibal Talk)并非一本描绘食人习俗或行为的纪实性作品。相反,它是一部深度挖掘人类心理、文化象征以及社会禁忌背后复杂动机的文学探索。本书借由一个虚构的寓言框架,审视了“吃”与“被吃”在象征意义上如何映射个体在社会群体中的生存策略、权力动态以及个体与集体认同之间的张力。 本书的叙事并非直接聚焦于字面意义上的食人行为,而是将“食”的意象转化为一种隐喻,用以解读人类社会中普遍存在的剥削、同化、吞噬和自我牺牲等现象。作者通过精心构建的角色关系和情节发展,展现了在极端情境下,个体为了生存、地位或意识形态的传递,所可能采取的各种极端手段。这些手段,无论是通过语言的操纵、思想的灌输,还是资源的掠夺、情感的剥夺,都在隐喻层面呼应了“食”的本质——一种关于界限的跨越和对他人存在的吸收。 《食人者之语》的魅力在于其多层面的解读空间。读者可以将其视为对极端环境下一场人性考验的寓言,也可以视作对历史进程中集体意识形态如何吞噬个体批判性思维的深刻反思。书中人物的每一次“吞咽”或“被吞咽”,都并非血腥的描绘,而是关乎权力格局的重塑、道德界限的模糊以及个体身份的消融与重塑。例如,某些角色通过“吸收”他人的知识、经验或劳动成果来壮大自身,这是一种在知识经济时代普遍存在的隐喻式“掠夺”。另一些角色则在无意识中被主流叙事“同化”,他们的独立思考和独特个性逐渐被磨灭,如同被“消化”一样融入了更庞大的集体意志之中。 本书对“语”的探讨同样深入。作者认为,语言是塑造现实、界定个体与他者关系的关键工具。在《食人者之语》的世界里,语言不再仅仅是沟通的媒介,它本身也成为了一种力量,能够“喂养”信念,也能“吞噬”理性。那些精心包装的言辞、煽动性的口号,以及看似无害的教条,都可能成为“食人者”的武器,它们以一种无声无息的方式侵蚀着听者的独立判断,最终将其精神“吞噬”。书中充斥着关于“谁在说话”、“说些什么”、“为了什么而说”的深刻追问,引导读者去辨析语言背后隐藏的权力动机和生存逻辑。 《食人者之语》并不提供简单的答案或道德评判。它邀请读者进入一个充满象征意义的迷宫,在其中观察、思考,并最终审视自身在社会结构中所扮演的角色。作者通过笔下的故事,揭示了在人类文明的长河中,个体如何被集体的需求、欲望和恐惧所“喂养”,又如何在不经意间成为“食人”文化的参与者或牺牲品。本书的叙事结构精巧,语言犀利,充满了哲学思辨的张力,旨在引发读者对人性深处最原始的冲动和最复杂的社会关系的深度共鸣与反思。它不仅仅是一部文学作品,更是一面映照人类社会复杂性的棱镜,邀请每一个读者在字里行间,探寻那些关于生存、关于意义、关于“我们是谁”的永恒追问。

作者简介

Gananath Obeyesekere is Emeritus Professor of Anthropology at Princeton University[1] and is one of the world's leading anthropologists, who has done much work in his home country of Sri Lanka. In the 1990's he entered into intellectual debate with Marshall Sahlins over the rationality of indigenous peoples. Through the details of Captain James Cook's death in the Hawaiian Islands in 1779. At the heart of the debate was how to understand the rationality of indigenous people. Obeyesekere insisted that indigenous people thought in essentially the same way as Westerners and was concerned that any argument otherwise would paint them as 'irrational' and 'uncivilized'. Sahlins, on the other hand, was critical of Western thought and argued that indigenous cultures were distinct and equal to those of the West.

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