Economics

页数:0

价格:210.00

isbn号码:9780314884244

具体描述

.I~I~ T，: ~)q~I~T)ONS I~kBL)UT LI;UNUMIL，~<br > m<br >l:h~， m~: ~: ::mswms Io five questions about economics that students are likely<br >What Is Economics?<br >Without matter and motion， there would be no physics; without living things， there<br >would be no biology; and without scarcity， there would be no economics.<br > Scarcity is the condition where our wants are greater than the limited resources<br >available to satisfy those wants. Scarcity is the basic economic problem that all<br >individuals and societies face.<br > Since there would be no economics without scarcity， economics is defined as<br >the science of scarcity. Specifically， it is the science of how individuals and soci-<br >eties deal with the fact that wants are greater than the limited resources available<br >to satisfy those wants.<br >What Do Economists Study?<br >Economists study markets， prices， costs， production， inflation， unemployment， in-<br >terest rates， business cycles， budget deficits， trade deficits， exchange rates， and so<br >on. These are many of the subjects discussed in this book.<br > But economists increasingly study other areas of human activity as well--such<br > things as crime， family relationships， war， politics， psychology， the law， and much<br > more.1<br > Economists today do not have a preconceived notion of what they should and<br > should not study. They may simply observe the world until something captures<br > their attention or piques their curiosity. They then apply economic analysis--<br > composed of the tools of economics and the economic way of thinking--to what-<br > ever it is that they are interested in.<br > This may seem like an odd way to proceed. Some noneconomists think it would<br > be better if economists decided on the 30 or so topics they feel they are best<br > equipped to study and then study these and no more. But economists believe this<br > approach grossly underestimates the power of economic analysis. Although econ-<br > omists do not believe that economics can explain everything about the world， they<br > do believe it can explain much about it. An objective of this text is to show you<br > that economic analysis is more powerful at explaining your world to you than you<br > may have believed was possible. -<br > What Is the Economic Way of Thinking?<br > In general， the economic way of thinking refers to the way economists view， in-<br > terpret， and analyze the world. Consider an analogy from the field of architecture.<br > Suppose you see a skyscraper in New York City. To your untrained eye， you see<br > only a building that rises high into the sky. An architect sees much more. She sees<br > a certain form and style; she sees the way that geometric shapes have come together<br > to create an atmosphere and a mood. She sees things that others are blind to.<br > So it is with the economist. In a grocery store you may see shelves of food and<br > drink. An economist sees more. He sees buyers and sellers having come together<br >

用户评价

读完这本厚重的文献，我的感受是复杂而震撼的。它没有提供任何立竿见影的“致富秘籍”，也没有给出任何政治口号式的简单答案。相反，它像一把锋利的手术刀，精准地剖开了宏观经济运行的复杂肌理。书中对财政政策和货币政策的权衡，简直是教科书级别的演绎，特别是在讨论滞胀现象时，作者引用了大量历史案例，对比了凯恩斯学派与货币学派在应对不同经济冲击时的优劣。那些关于总需求与总供给曲线交替波动的分析，不再是平面上的几何图形，而是被赋予了鲜活的生命力，仿佛能听到经济周期中那些企业主和央行行长的低语。我个人觉得，它最成功的地方在于，将历史的纵深感与理论的抽象性完美地结合起来，让你在理解“为什么会这样”的同时，也能清晰地看到“我们是如何走到这一步的”。对于任何想超越新闻头条、真正理解世界经济运行底层逻辑的人来说，这绝对是一次精神上的洗礼。

说实话，这本书的阅读体验更像是一场智力上的马拉松，而非轻松的散步。它挑战了许多我过去深信不疑的常识。特别是关于国际贸易的部分，作者对比较优势理论的阐释极其透彻，但随后马上引入了战略贸易理论，指出在现实中，国家间的竞争往往带有强烈的博弈色彩，这让原本单向度的自由贸易论点变得立体而富有张力。我发现自己不得不频繁地查阅相关背景资料，去理解那些晦涩的经济学术语背后的历史语境。它对金融市场的探讨，也避开了泡沫破裂的惊悚叙事，转而深入挖掘了信息不对称如何催生出金融创新与系统性风险之间的永恒矛盾。这种冷静、克制的叙事风格，使得全书的论述充满了学者的风范，尽管阅读过程略显艰涩，但每当理清一个复杂的概念时，那种豁然开朗的喜悦，是其他读物难以比拟的。

这部作品的魅力，在于它构建了一个极其自洽的“社会技术系统”模型。它不仅仅停留在描述经济现象，而是试图探究经济活动如何与社会结构、法律制度乃至文化偏好相互作用、相互塑造。书中对产权界定在资源配置中的核心作用的论述，着实令人深思。作者没有将产权视为一个既定的外部条件，而是将其置于动态演化的视角下进行考察，这对于理解发展中国家的制度变迁至关重要。此外，作者对“外部性”的分析，超越了简单的污染问题，将其拓展到知识溢出、社会资本积累等更广阔的领域，展现了一种深刻的社会学洞察力。这本书读完后，我不再仅仅关注GDP的增减，而是开始思考支撑起这些数字背后的制度和激励机制，这无疑拓宽了我的思维边界，让我对“效率”与“公平”的权衡有了更为成熟的理解。

这部巨著，初翻开来，便被其气势所慑。它不像那些流行的科普读物那样试图用花哨的图表和过于简化的语言来迎合大众，反倒是沉下心来，构建了一个严谨、宏大且充满内在逻辑的分析框架。作者的笔触细腻而深刻，对于古典学派的精髓把握得炉火纯青，对于新古典主义的微妙转变也梳理得脉络清晰。我尤其欣赏它对“看不见的手”的讨论，并非简单地将其浪漫化，而是深入剖析了市场失灵的内在条件，以及政府干预的理论边界。书中对理性人假设的批判性反思，更是让人耳目一新，它没有简单地抛弃这一基石，而是如同雕刻家打磨璞玉般，指出其在现实中的局限性，并引申出行为经济学的早期萌芽。阅读过程中，我时常需要停下来，反复琢磨那些数学模型的推导过程，虽然有些晦涩，但正是这种扎实的理论基础，使得全书的论证如同磐石般不可动摇。它更像是一份献给未来经济学家的“武功秘籍”，而非仅仅是填补茶余饭后的谈资。

初读此书，我感到一股强烈的反潮流气息。它没有追逐当下的热点，而是将目光聚焦于那些经得起时间考验的经济学基本原理。它对福利经济学的分析尤为精彩，清晰地阐释了帕累托最优的局限性，以及在现实中如何通过边际分析来逼近社会福利的最大化，即便我们无法达到理想状态。作者的文笔兼具古典学者的严谨和现代思想家的洞察力，行文间偶尔流露出的幽默感，巧妙地中和了理论的枯燥。尤其欣赏它在探讨收入分配时所展现的学术中立性，既没有简单地指责资本的“剥削”，也没有盲目推崇平均主义，而是冷静地分析了要素禀赋、技术进步和政策干预对收入结构的影响路径。这本书是那种需要反复阅读、细细咀嚼的佳酿，每一次重温，都能从中品出新的层次和更深的意蕴。