the simpler creatures from which we evolved.<br >do that they do? What similar impulses (if any<br >animals and men? Emotions can sometimes<br >from performance， but ignore for the present<br >of "feelings." Which of our actions are carrie<br >subhuman ancestors?<br > With the knowledge recently gained by ethol，<br >lems like these have become inescapable. They<br >rassing， however， because they falsely reviv<br >distaste for anthropomorphism. Anthropomor<br >attributing of human emotions to animals~is<br >horror to many biologists. It is a horror to c<br >when it includes the assumption that animals<br >selves with values exactly like ours. There are<br >of activity， nevertheless， which can be stud<br >drawing conclusions about the state of any ar<br >sciousness.<br > The value of understanding our behavioral ro<br >becoming recognized， and yet ethologists are<br >times， accused of anthropomorphism. The ch<br >really logical. For many decades it has been<br >those high forms of animal life， the vertebrates，<br >in such anatomical structures as，skeletons，. T1<br >1 I 1 ，1 0 1" 1<br >