本書收納瞭中科大校友的25篇關於視覺科學的代錶性文章。書的內容主要分為兩大部分：Ⅰ，視覺神經科學；Ⅱ，視覺感知與認知。其中，第一部分中的ⅠA部分（皮層前的處理過程）總共包含六章，分彆涉及光感受器退化疾病的恢復、視皮層-頂蓋係統的改變、視網膜神經節細胞與外膝體細胞的感受野特性以及視皮層對外膝體的反饋作用；ⅠB部分（皮層中的處理過程）用九章的篇幅涵蓋瞭視皮層對圖像和運動的處理、視皮層中視空間的映射和皮層反應特性的關係、注意的作用、知覺學習以及衰老對視皮層處理的影響等內容；ⅠC部分（眼動係統）中的三章內容重點介紹瞭眼動神經元的反應特性和眼動指令信號的可靠性。第二部分包括七章，介紹瞭基本的視覺感知過程，如早期視覺通路中的分辨能力、對距離的感知、對等亮度條件下彩色運動圖形的感知、對拓撲結構的感知以及特徵分類等。此外，還涉及計算視覺、視覺工作記憶和蜜蜂的決策製定等主題。

目錄：

Preface to the USTC Alumni's Series

The History and Current Status of Vision Research at USTC

Preface

Section Ⅰ Visual Neurosciences

Pre-cortical Processing

Chapter 1 Rapid BDNF-induced Retrograde Synaptic Modification in A Developing Retinotectal System

Chapter 2 Ectopic Expression of A Microbial-Type Rhodopsin Restores Visual Responses in Mice with Photoreceptor Degeneration

Chapter 3 Organized Arrangement of Orientation-Sensitive Relay Cells in the Cat's Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Chapter 4 The Nucleus Isthmi and Dual Modulation of the Receptive Field of Tectal Neurons in Non-mammals

Chapter 5 Direct Visualization of the Dendritic and Receptive Fields of Directionally Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells

Chapter 6 Functional Alignment of Feedback Effects from Visual Cortex to Thalamus

Chapter 7 Perceptual Learning and Top Down Influences in Primary Visual Cortex

Chapter 8 A Processing Stream in Mammalian Visual Cortex Neurons for Non-Fourier Responses

Chapter 9 GABA and Its Agonists Improved Visual Cortical Function in Senescent Monkeys

Chapter 10 Pattern and Component Motion Selectivity in Cortical Area PMLS of The Cat

Chapter 11 Feature-based Attention Modulates Orientation-selective Responses in Human Visual Cortex

Chapter 12 Filling-in of Visual Phantoms in The Human Brain

Chapter 13 Categorization Training Results in Shape- and Category- Selective Human Neural Plasticity

Chapter 14 Reversible Blockade of Experience-dependent Plasticity by Calcineurin in Mouse Visual Cortex

Chapter 15 The Coordinated Mapping of Visual Space and Response Features in Visual Cortex The Ocular-motor System

Chapter 16 Characteristics of Near Response Cells Projecting to the Oculomotor Nucleus

Chapter 17 Premotor Commands Encode Monocular Eye MovementsChapter 18 Reliability of Oculomotor Command Signals Carried by Individual Neurons

Section Ⅱ Visual Perception & Cognition

Chapter 19 Orientation-selective Adaptation and Tilt After-effect From Invisible Patterns

Chapter 20 Perceiving Distance Accurately by A Directional Process of Integrating Ground Information

Chapter 21 Topological Structure in Visual Perception

Chapter 22 The Mechanism of Isoluminant Chromatic Motion Perception

Chapter 23 Primal Sketch: Integrating Structure and Texture

Chapter 24 Parallel and Competitive Processes in Hierarchical Analysis: Perceptual Grouping and Encoding of Closure

Chapter 25 Visual Working Memory in Decision Making by Honey Bees