This book is composed of four major sections: The perception of risk, where authorities from the field of environmental psychology and risk analysis describe the backgrounds and mechanisms of cognitive behavior and the effects of emotional and publicity factors on perception and acceptance of risk. The management of infection-defined risk, the core of public and political anxiety. Here the book illustrates how safe the current blood supply has become over the past decade in at least the majority of industrialized countries in the world. The management of immune-defined risks has been the Cinderella of blood transfusion and transfusion medicine up till now. Risk management in clinical practice: optimal versus maximal is the section where the real virtue of reality comes to life through valuable contributors by authors from the field of clinical blood banking, heavily involved consumers organizations (WFH), the Cochrane Institute of Medical Sciences and National Health Services Center for reviews and dissemination, and international policy makers and regulative bodies like the Council of Europe and the European Commission. When the reader is first confronted with a poem illustrating the reality of virtue, written by one of the editors noted for his talent in anecdotal medical poetry, the scene is set for the virtue of reality in the management of risk in blood transfusion.