Polarized America 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书

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发表于2024-12-28

Polarized America 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书

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Polarization is a buzz word in today's American political discourse. It is, however, not a well-defined term. Hierarchically, there are politicians polarization, political activists polarization and general electoral polarization. Within politicians polari...

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出版者:The MIT Press

作者:Nolan McCarty

出品人:

页数:252

译者:

出版时间:2008-1-25

价格:USD 22.00

装帧:Paperback

isbn号码:9780262633611

丛书系列:

图书标签: 美国英文民粹主义比较政治经济学比较政治学政治经济政治学政党政治

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The idea of America as politically polarized--that there is an unbridgeable divide between right and left, red and blue states--has become a cliche. What commentators miss, however, is that increasing polarization in recent decades has been closely accompanied by fundamental social and economic changes--most notably, a parallel rise in income inequality. In Polarized America, Nolan McCarty, Keith Poole, and Howard Rosenthal examine the relationships of polarization, wealth disparity, immigration, and other forces, characterizing it as a dance of give and take and back and forth causality.Using NOMINATE (a quantitative procedure that, like interest group ratings, scores politicians on the basis of their roll call voting records) to measure polarization in Congress and public opinion, census data and Federal Election Commission finance records to measure polarization among the public, the authors find that polarization and income inequality fell in tandem from 1913 to 1957 and rose together dramatically from 1977 on; they trace a parallel rise in immigration beginning in the 1970s. They show that Republicans have moved right, away from redistributive policies that would reduce income inequality. Immigration, meanwhile, has facilitated the move to the right: non-citizens, a larger share of the population and disproportionately poor, cannot vote; thus there is less political pressure from the bottom for redistribution than there is from the top against it. In "the choreography of American politics" inequality feeds directly into political polarization, and polarization in turn creates policies that further increase inequality.

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读了部分/第二章，政党极化的两个维度，ideology和rights，承认了选民的极化是choice but not an echo，否定了诸如southern realignment，congress reform和redistricting之类的解释，作者认为是median income导致了更保守的政党政治和政策/第五章主要说的是soft money的作用，主要是来自极端的个人donator的捐款/第六章讲公共政策和极化的关系，讨论了最低工资财产税医疗保险（医保相对最稳定，因为一方面不确定，另一方面受median income的支持）同时国会和总统党派不一致时极化影响最显著，通过降低政策灵活性、权力转移到司法和行政（国会僵化）导致了极化影响了公共政策（提到了pivot theory）

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