This book brings together biologists and statisticians in an interdisciplinary synthesis to develop new methods to overcome the most significant challenges and constraints faced by quantitative biologists seeking to model demographic rates. The book is centered on the ten key areas in the field where important problems in demographic analysis are being solved with new statistical methods. Each area presents one overview written by an acknowledged expert in this field, and four original research contributions.The 10 key areas are: abundance estimation; direct, proxies and point counts; population dynamics; combining sources of information; dispersal movement and migration; state uncertainty - assignment error and unobservable states; robust design - sampling, applications and advances; Bayesian applications - advances, random effects and hierarchical models; evolutionary ecology; wildlife and conservation management; and, software developments for the modelling of demographic rates in marked populations.