List of Figures
Preface and Acknowledgments
Prologue: Jesus, a Jew from Galilee
1. Jesus and Christian Beginnings (First to Fourth Centuries)
A Strange Case: Paul and his Letters
Anonymous Narratives: Three Gospels and One Sequel
An Author Called John: A Fourth Gospel, More Letters, and an Apocalypse
Christianity’s Earliest Writings: Literary Diversity, Theological Unity
Christianity’s Transformation: From a Jewish Sect to a Gentile Religion
Emerging Christianity: A “Catholic” Church
“Gnosticism”: The Nag Hammadi Library
Living as Christians in the Roman Empire: The Threat of Persecution
Christianizing the Roman Empire: Constantine the Great
Material Culture: Manuscripts, Architecture, and the Visual Arts
2. Jesus and the Triumph of Christian Orthodoxy (Fourth and Fifth Centuries)
The Council of Nicaea I (325): The Relation of the Son to God the Father
The Council of Constantinople I (381): God as Trinity, One Substance, Three Persons
Transition: From the Trinity to the Incarnation
The Council of Ephesus (431): The Incarnate Son, One Person, Not Divided
The Council of Chalcedon I (451): The Incarnate Son, One Person, Two Natures
Early Monasticism: From Martyr to Monk
Material Culture: Manuscripts, Architecture, and the Visual Arts
3. Jesus and Medieval Christian Orthodoxy (Fifth to Fifteenth Centuries)
Rome, the Papacy, and the Eastern Church: A Church Dividing
The Iconoclastic Controversy: Can Images of Jesus be Created and Venerated?
The Filioque Controversy: Does the Holy Spirit also Proceed from the Son?
Jesus as the Christ of Eastern Orthodoxy: Creed, Liturgy, and Spirituality
The Crusades: Warriors for Christ
Beyond Monasticism: Monks, Mendicants, and Mystics
Scholastic Theology: The Trinity, the Incarnation, and the At-one-ment
Jesus as the Christ of Roman Catholicism: Creed, Liturgy and Spirituality
Rome and the Papacy: Exile, Schism, and Dissent
Material Culture: Architecture and the Visual Arts
4. Jesus and Challenges to Christian Orthodoxy (Since the Fifteenth Century)
The Renaissance:: Back to the Classics
The Reformation: Back to the Bible
The Enlightenment: Not Revelation, but Reason
Material Culture: Architecture, Visual Arts, and Printed Books
5. Jesus and the Historical Quest (Since the Eighteenth Century)
Pre-Quest Period: Christ = Jesus (before 1778)
Old Quest Period: Christ // Jesus (1778–1906)
No Quest Period: Christ // Jesus (1906–1953)
New Quest Period: Christ > Jesus (1953–1985)
Third Quest Period: [Christ] Jesus (since 1985)
Dramatic Arts: From Passion Plays to Jesus Films
6. Jesus and Christological Diversity (Since the Eighteenth Century)
Modern Protestant Theology: Liberalism (Nineteenth Century)
Modern Protestant Theology: Neo-Orthodoxy (Twentieth Century)
Modern Catholic Theology: Two Vatican Councils (Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries)
Beyond Liberalism and Neo-Orthodoxy: Process Theology (into the Twenty-First Century)
Liberation Theology: Latin America (into the Twenty-First Century)
Black Theology: The United States and Beyond (into the Twenty-First Century)
Feminist Theology: The United States and Beyond (into the Twenty-First Century)
Womanist Theology: The United States and Beyond (into the Twenty-First Century)
Theology in the Third World: Latin America, Africa, Asia (into the Twenty-First Century)
Dramatic Arts: Christ-Figure Films and Literary Imagination
7. Jesus and World Religions (Since the First Century)
Judaism: Jesus, a Jew, but No Messiah
Islam: Jesus, a Prophet, but No Son of God
Religions of South and East Asia: Jesus, the Outsider
Material Culture: From Stone to Celluloid
Epilogue: Jesus, a Global Christ
Select Bibliography and Further Reading
Index
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