There is little doubt that, nowadays, Wittgenstein's thought is no longer uncontroversially considered a paradigm of sound philosophy; not even within the analytic community which used to venerate him as one of its founding fathers. Many among the views that were traditionally associated with him have been challenged and are regarded by some as obviously mistaken: reasons are not necessarily to be opposed to causes; something like a private language may well be possible; the domain of the mental is only indirectly connected with public behavior, such a connection having no conceptual import; philosophy is not especially about language; philosophical theories are all right, indeed, they are what philosophers should aim at producing. However, it is not always clear whether such claims, taken in the sense in which they are put forth, really contradict views that Wittgenstein defended. In this book, some eminent commentators of Wittgenstein's philosophy as well as some contemporary philosophers whose thought has been affected by Wittgenstein discuss to what extent his philosophy can still be considered to be alive.