Much of the modern period was dominated by a 'reductionist' theory of science. On this view, to explain any event in the world is to reduce it down to fundamental particles, laws, and forces. In recent years reductionism has been dramatically challenged by a radically new paradigm called 'emergence'. According to this new theory, natural history reveals the continuous emergence of novel phenomena: new structures and new organisms with new causal powers. Consciousness is yet one more emergent level in the natural hierarchy. Many theologians and religious scholars believe that this new paradigm may offer new insights into the nature of God and God's relation to the world. This volume introduces readers to emergence theory, outlines the major arguments in its defence, and summarizes the most powerful objections against it. Written by experts but suitable as an introductory text, these essays provide the best available presentation of this exciting new field and its potentially momentous implications.
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第三章。Kim没有新东西。Murphy那种下向因果比较靠Campbell的原意，和一般理解差得有点远，比另一种流行的模型（Heil；Sperry）还奇怪。Chalmers对strong/weak的剖析清晰好看，补充了Van Gulick和Bedau的经典区分，值得一读。谁来编个好点的emergence的论文集啊！
评分第三章。Kim没有新东西。Murphy那种下向因果比较靠Campbell的原意，和一般理解差得有点远，比另一种流行的模型（Heil；Sperry）还奇怪。Chalmers对strong/weak的剖析清晰好看，补充了Van Gulick和Bedau的经典区分，值得一读。谁来编个好点的emergence的论文集啊！
评分第三章。Kim没有新东西。Murphy那种下向因果比较靠Campbell的原意，和一般理解差得有点远，比另一种流行的模型（Heil；Sperry）还奇怪。Chalmers对strong/weak的剖析清晰好看，补充了Van Gulick和Bedau的经典区分，值得一读。谁来编个好点的emergence的论文集啊！
评分第三章。Kim没有新东西。Murphy那种下向因果比较靠Campbell的原意，和一般理解差得有点远，比另一种流行的模型（Heil；Sperry）还奇怪。Chalmers对strong/weak的剖析清晰好看，补充了Van Gulick和Bedau的经典区分，值得一读。谁来编个好点的emergence的论文集啊！
评分第三章。Kim没有新东西。Murphy那种下向因果比较靠Campbell的原意，和一般理解差得有点远，比另一种流行的模型（Heil；Sperry）还奇怪。Chalmers对strong/weak的剖析清晰好看，补充了Van Gulick和Bedau的经典区分，值得一读。谁来编个好点的emergence的论文集啊！
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