This book is the proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in the Light of New Technology (ISQM-TOKYO'08) which aims to link the recent advances in technology with fundamental problems in quantum mechanics. It also discusses fundamental problems and issues in quantum physics and places a special emphasis on Quantum Coherence and Decoherence. The proceedings included a special lecture by Prof C N Yang, Pseudopotential Method in Cold Atom Research, and 75 refereed papers covering the wide range of quantum physics: cold atoms and molecules; spin-Hall effect and anomalous Hall effect; magnetic domain wall dynamics and spin-related phenomena; Dirac fermions in condensed matter; quantum dot systems; entanglement and quantum information processing, qubit manipulations; mechanical properties of confined geometry; precise measurements; novel properties of nano-systems; and, fundamental problems in quantum physics. The book will not only serve as a good reference for experts on quantum coherence and decoherence, but also as an introduction for newcomers to this field.