This book examines devolution, explaining this central phenomenon in Scottish and British political life since the 1960s in terms of economic developments and industrial struggles. The book will surprise some readers by showing that devolution was initially advanced in the 1960s by business leaders, keen to isolate Scotland from the perceived advance of socialism under Harold Wilson's government, but was also supported by Scottish trade unionists as a means of protecting employment and improving working-class living standards. The book shows how devolution was shaped by key episodes in industrial politics, notably car manufacturing at Linwood, unofficial strikes and the struggles over industrial relations reform, the grand 'Oceanspan' design for industrial and social regeneration, the famous UCS work-in, the miners' strikes and the impact of North Sea Oil. The book challenges received wisdoms about the 1979 devolution referendum, and places the devolutionary politics of the 1980s and 1990s in this longer, industrial perspective.