Fascinating and highly informative, "The Appearance of Witchcraft" explores how visual representations of witchcraft contributed to the widespread acceptance of witch beliefs in sixteenth-century Europe and helped establish the preconditions for the widespread persecution of witches. Focusing on the visual contraction, or figure of the witch, and the activity of witchcraft, Zika places the study in the context of sixteenth-century witchcraft and demonological theory, and in the turbulent social and religious changes of the period. Zika argues that artists and printers used images to relate witchcraft theories, developed by theologians and legitimated by secular authorities, to a whole range of contemporary discourses on women and gender roles, sexuality, peasant beliefs and medical theories of the body. He also examines the role of artist as mediators between the ideas of the elite and the ordinary people. For students of medieval history or anyone interested in the appearance of witchcraft, this will be an enthralling and invaluable read.