For much of history, the rules of war decreed that "to the victor go the spoils." The winners in warfare routinely seized for themselves the artistic and cultural treasures of the defeated; plunder constituted a marker of triumph. By the twentieth century, international norms declared the opposite, that cultural monuments should be shielded from destruction or seizure. Prohibiting Plunder traces and explains the emergence of international rules against wartime looting of cultural treasures, and explores how anti-plunder norms have developed over the past 200 years. The book covers highly topical events including the looting of thousands of antiquities from the Iraqi National Museum in Baghdad, and the return of "Holocaust Art" by prominent museums, including the highly publicized return of five Klimt paintings from the Austrian Gallery to a Holocaust survivor. The historical narrative includes first-hand reports, official documents, and archival records. Equally important, the book uncovers the debates and negotiations that produced increasingly clear and well-defined anti-plunder norms. The historical accounts in Prohibiting Plunder serve as confirming examples of an important dynamic of international norm change. Rules evolve in cycles; in each cycle, specific actions trigger arguments about the meaning and application of rules, and those arguments in turn modify the rules. International norms evolve through a succession of such cycles, each one drawing on previous developments and each one reshaping the normative context for subsequent actions and disputes. Prohibiting Plunder shows how historical episodes interlinked to produce modern, treaty-based rules against wartime plunder of cultural treasures.
發表於2024-12-24
Prohibiting Plunder 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載
曆史長河中,“勝利者獲得戰利品”曆來是戰爭的結局。戰勝國大肆掠奪戰敗國的文化藝術收藏,戰利品構成勝利的標誌。到瞭20世紀,國際規範卻與之相反,提齣瞭文化遺産應在戰爭破壞或掠奪中受到保護。《保護戰利品》追溯並敘述瞭為抵製戰時文物流失而誕生國際公約的過程;...
評分曆史長河中,“勝利者獲得戰利品”曆來是戰爭的結局。戰勝國大肆掠奪戰敗國的文化藝術收藏,戰利品構成勝利的標誌。到瞭20世紀,國際規範卻與之相反,提齣瞭文化遺産應在戰爭破壞或掠奪中受到保護。《保護戰利品》追溯並敘述瞭為抵製戰時文物流失而誕生國際公約的過程;...
評分曆史長河中,“勝利者獲得戰利品”曆來是戰爭的結局。戰勝國大肆掠奪戰敗國的文化藝術收藏,戰利品構成勝利的標誌。到瞭20世紀,國際規範卻與之相反,提齣瞭文化遺産應在戰爭破壞或掠奪中受到保護。《保護戰利品》追溯並敘述瞭為抵製戰時文物流失而誕生國際公約的過程;...
評分曆史長河中,“勝利者獲得戰利品”曆來是戰爭的結局。戰勝國大肆掠奪戰敗國的文化藝術收藏,戰利品構成勝利的標誌。到瞭20世紀,國際規範卻與之相反,提齣瞭文化遺産應在戰爭破壞或掠奪中受到保護。《保護戰利品》追溯並敘述瞭為抵製戰時文物流失而誕生國際公約的過程;...
評分曆史長河中,“勝利者獲得戰利品”曆來是戰爭的結局。戰勝國大肆掠奪戰敗國的文化藝術收藏,戰利品構成勝利的標誌。到瞭20世紀,國際規範卻與之相反,提齣瞭文化遺産應在戰爭破壞或掠奪中受到保護。《保護戰利品》追溯並敘述瞭為抵製戰時文物流失而誕生國際公約的過程;...
圖書標籤: 博物館學
Prohibiting Plunder 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載