Since the 1980s Chicana writers including Gloria Anzaldua, Cherrie Moraga, Sandra Cisneros, Ana Castillo, and Alma Luz Villanueva have reworked iconic Mexican cultural symbols such as mother earth goddesses and La Llorona (the Wailing Woman of Mexican folklore), re-imagining them as powerful female figures. After reading the works of Chicana writers who created bold, powerful, and openly sexual female characters, Debra J. Blake wondered how everyday Mexican American women would characterize their own lives in relation to the writers' radical reconfigurations of female sexuality and gender roles. To find out, Blake gathered oral histories from working-class and semi-professional U.S. Mexicana women. In "Chicana Sexuality and Gender", she compares the self-representations of the U.S. Mexicanas with the fictional and artistic representations of academic-affiliated, professional intellectual Chicana writers and visual artists including Alma M. Lopez and Yolanda Lopez.Blake looks at how the Chicana professional intellectuals and the U.S. Mexicana women refigure confining and demeaning constructions of female gender roles and racial, ethnic, and sexual identities. She organizes her analysis around re-imaginings of four iconic symbols - the Virgin of Guadalupe, indigenous Mexican goddesses, La Llorona, and La Malinche, the indigenous interpreter for Hernan Cortes during the Spanish Conquest. Blake reveals how the professional writers and the working-class and semi-professional women rework or invoke the female icons to confront the repression of female sexuality, limiting gender roles, inequality in male and female relationships, and violence against women.While the representational strategies of the two groups of women are significantly different and the U.S. Mexicanas would not necessarily call themselves feminists, Blake nonetheless illuminates a continuum of Chicana feminist thinking, showing how both groups of women expand lifestyle choices and promote the health and well-being of women of Mexican origin or descent.