This book brings into focus the hot topics of life science for which mass spectrometry is becoming the tool of analysis, and provides a comprehensive review of the research topics most pertinent to the advancement of mass spectrometry and its general applications. The volume gathers the contributions from eminent international researchers in the field, covering various aspects ranging from the fundamentals of MALDI and ESI to their applications to most actual omics (proteomics, lipidomics, glycomics) or to immunology.The large group of small molecules analyzed with mass spectrometry technique is also represented by brominates and keratins, or plant extracts. It is hoped that this volume will also add stimulus for further progress in the field, where major challenges still remain and great potential exists for new breakthroughs. The ability of mass spectrometry for becoming a sound diagnosis technique of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer, and for being a useful tool in immunotherapy is a fertile ground for further innovation and exploitation in the future.