具體描述
There are many shallow lakes in the world. Many of them play an important socio-economic role as contributors to the drinking water supply, in flood attenuation, fisheries and recreation activities. Because of the current anthropogenic changes in the environment, such lakes rapidly respond to eutrophication and swamping. It is often hard to address these issues because many changes in the ecosystems of shallow lakes are associated with little studied physical processes. This interaction between the aquatic biota and the physical and chemical environment increases the complexity of shallow lake ecosystems. Lake Taihu, located in the delta of Yangtze River, is a typical large, shallow eutrophic lake with area of 2338 km2 and maximum depth of less than 3m .
This book provides basic data on various aspects of this lake and summarizes research work on the interaction between its ecology and physical limnology. It will be a reference for teachers and students of freshwater ecology and biology, the aquatic environment in general, and, most strikingly, for all those interested in physical limnology.
作者簡介
目錄資訊
1.1.1 Lake Morphology and Drainage Basin......Page 15
1.1.2 Formation and Development......Page 20
1.1.3 Influence of Lake Formation on the Aquatic Environment......Page 21
1.2.1 Hydrography......Page 25
1.2.2 Water Resources and Water Balance......Page 29
1.3.1 Development of the Water Quality in Lake Taihu and Its Rivers......Page 37
1.3.2 Pollutant Emissions and Amounts Flowing into the Lake......Page 39
1.3.3 Causes of Worsening Water Quality......Page 50
1.4 Swamping of Eastern Taihu Bay......Page 57
1.4.1 Current Status of Swamping......Page 58
1.4.2 The Development of Swamping in Eastern Taihu Bay and Its Driving Forces......Page 69
References......Page 80
2.1 Optical Properties and Their Ecological Significance......Page 82
2.1.1 Inherent Optical Properties of Lake Taihu......Page 84
2.1.2 Apparent Optical Properties of Lake Taihu......Page 98
2.1.3 Modelling of Transparency......Page 103
2.1.4 Ecological Effect of Underwater Radiation......Page 105
2.2.1 The Radiative Transfer Spectrum Model in the Atmosphere......Page 110
2.2.2 Model of Light Transmission in Water......Page 116
References......Page 122
3. Hydrodynamics and Its Effects on the Aquatic Ecosystem......Page 127
3.1.3 Wave Characteristics......Page 128
3.1.4 Wave Spectrum......Page 132
3.2 Field Investigations and Analysis of Currents......Page 134
3.3.1 Review of Modelling in Lake Taihu......Page 140
3.3.2 Model Description......Page 142
3.3.3 Model Verification......Page 147
3.3.4 Current Field and Dominant Wind......Page 149
3.4.1 Mechanism of Sediment Resuspension in Lake Taihu......Page 153
3.4.2 Critical Stress for Sediment Resuspension......Page 155
References......Page 159
4.1 Sedimentation Rate and Distribution of Sediment......Page 162
4.1.1 Sedimentation Rate......Page 163
4.1.2 Soft Sediment Distribution......Page 167
4.2.1 Particle Size Distribution of Surface Sediments......Page 170
4.2.2 Water Content and Porosity of Sediments......Page 172
4.2.3 The pH and Eh of Sediments......Page 175
4.2.4 The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Nutrients in Sediments and Pore Water......Page 177
4.2.5 Forms of Phosphorus in Sediments......Page 179
4.3.1 Phosphorus Release and Sorption Under Dynamic Disturbance Conditions......Page 184
4.3.2 Phosphorus Adsorption Saturation of Sediment from Eastern Taihu Bay......Page 189
4.4.1 Effects of Wind-Wave Disturbance on Nutrient Concentrations in the Water......Page 193
4.4.2 Internal Loading of Nutrients......Page 198
4.4.3 Conceptual Model of Internal Loading of Nutrients in Large Shallow Lakes Such as Lake Taihu......Page 204
References......Page 205
5.1.1 Alkaline Phosphatase in Lake Water......Page 208
5.1.2 Alkaline Phosphatase and the Phosphorus Cycle......Page 211
5.1.3 Relationship Between Alkaline Phosphatase and Algal Blooms......Page 213
5.2.1 Microbial Food Webs, Organic Particles, and Algal Blooms......Page 217
5.2.2 Growth Characteristics of Bacteria Attached to Algae......Page 224
References......Page 235
6.1 Characteristics of Chlorophyll a and Primary Production......Page 239
6.1.1 Chlorophyll a (Chl a)......Page 240
6.1.2 Phytoplankton Primary Production in Meiliang Bay......Page 241
6.1.3 The Relationship Between Chl a and Primary Production......Page 243
6.1.4 Ecological Factors Affecting Primary Production......Page 244
6.1.5 Simulated Water Current Experiment and Primary Production......Page 247
6.2.1 Phytoplankton Community Structure......Page 250
6.2.2 Changes in the Phytoplankton from the 1950s to the 1990s......Page 252
6.2.3 Response of the Phytoplankton to Changes in the Aquatic Environment......Page 258
6.3.1 Zooplankton Composition and Abundance......Page 264
6.3.3 Succession of Zooplankton and Response to Environmental Change......Page 270
6.4.1 Community Structure......Page 275
6.4.2 Distribution of Zoobenthos......Page 276
6.4.3 Response of Zoobenthos to Environmental Changes......Page 281
6.5.1 Fish Population Structure......Page 286
6.5.2 Changes in the Composition of Fish Catches......Page 287
6.5.3 Development of Hatchery Fishery and Its Effect on the Environment of the Lake......Page 290
6.6.1 Species Composition of the Aquatic Vegetation......Page 295
6.6.2 Succession of Aquatic Vegetation in Eastern Taihu Bay and Western Lake Taihu......Page 296
6.6.3 Effects of the Environment on the Succession of the Aquatic Vegetation......Page 301
References......Page 302
A. Species of Phytoplankton in Lake Taihu......Page 305
B. Species of Zooplankton in Lake Taihu......Page 311
C. Species of Zoobenthos in Lake Taihu......Page 314
D. Fish Species in Lake Taihu......Page 316
E. Species of Aquatic Vegetation in Lake Taihu......Page 320
A......Page 323
B......Page 324
C......Page 326
D......Page 328
E......Page 330
F......Page 331
G......Page 332
H......Page 333
J......Page 334
L......Page 335
M......Page 336
O......Page 338
P......Page 339
R......Page 341
S......Page 343
T......Page 345
V......Page 346
W......Page 347
Z......Page 348
· · · · · · (收起)
讀後感
用戶評價
我最近翻閱的這本《靜水深流的藝術》更像是一本關於生活哲學的散文集，文字極其典雅，行文之間透露齣一種東方特有的內斂與從容。作者的語言功力令人嘆服，他能用最簡單的詞匯，描摹齣最深刻的意境。比如他描述“等待”這個狀態時，引用瞭竹子發芽的漫長過程，那種將時間拉伸的藝術手法，讓人瞬間就平靜瞭下來。這本書裏沒有激烈的觀點碰撞，隻有溫柔的引導和啓發，它更像是一個智者在爐火邊娓娓道來的忠告，不強迫你接受，隻是將一種看待世界的方式輕輕地放在你麵前。對於那些在喧囂中尋找片刻安寜的人來說，這本書無疑是一劑絕佳的鎮靜劑，每一次閱讀都是一次心靈的洗滌。
评分天呐，我簡直要為這本《星塵的迴響》瘋狂打call！這絕對是我近年來讀過的最精彩的科幻史詩瞭。它的世界構建宏大到令人咋舌，不同星球文明之間的政治博弈、科技飛躍帶來的倫理睏境，都被作者用一種極其流暢且充滿想象力的方式展現齣來。最絕的是，作者沒有沉溺於炫目的特效描寫，而是將人類最本質的情感——愛、背叛、對未知的敬畏——植入到這個冰冷的宇宙背景中，使得宏大敘事充滿瞭人性的溫度。我特彆喜歡其中關於“記憶上傳”那一段的探討，它引發瞭我對“我是誰”這個古老命題的全新思考。整本書的節奏把握得恰到好處，高潮迭起，每次翻頁都帶著一種無法抑製的期待，生怕錯過任何一個關鍵的轉摺。
评分這本《湖畔舊事》簡直是打開瞭一扇通往往昔的大門，作者的筆觸細膩得讓人心疼，每一個場景的描繪都仿佛能觸摸到歲月的痕跡。我尤其喜歡他對於人物內心世界的刻畫，那種在時代洪流中掙紮求生的個體，那種對故土難離的復雜情感，都被描摹得淋灕盡緻。書中那些關於傢族傳承和地方習俗的細緻記錄，讓我這個局外人也能真切感受到那份沉甸甸的曆史重量。讀完後，腦海中揮之不去的是那些舊式庭院裏透齣的微光，還有門前那條老街上人們的低語。它不是那種情節跌宕起伏的小說，更像是一幅徐徐展開的、充滿生活氣息的浮世繪，讓人在沉靜中迴味無窮，深思良久。它讓我意識到，每一個看似平凡的生命背後，都蘊含著巨大的故事和不為人知的堅韌。
评分我最近讀的這本《迷霧中的燈塔》真是讓人耳目一新，它以一種近乎哲學思辨的方式探討瞭現代都市人的精神睏境。作者的敘事節奏非常大膽，時而跳躍，時而又陷入漫長的內心獨白，這種碎片化的結構反而更貼閤現代人那種被信息轟炸後的思維模式。書中的象徵主義運用得非常高明，那些重復齣現的意象——比如永不熄滅的霓虹燈、潮濕的地下室，都構建瞭一種壓抑而又充滿張力的氛圍。盡管故事綫索並不清晰易懂，需要讀者投入極大的專注力去拼湊，但這正是它的魅力所在。它挑戰瞭我們對於“故事”的傳統認知，更像是一場智力與情感的雙重考驗。讀完閤上書本時，我感覺自己像剛剛跑完一場漫長的馬拉鬆，筋疲力盡，卻又獲得瞭一種奇異的清明感。
评分不得不提我最近偶然發現的這本《鐵軌上的流浪者》，它的視角極其獨特，完全聚焦於二戰後歐洲鐵路係統中的那些邊緣人物——檢票員、餐車服務生、以及那些靠搭便車穿越國界的人。作者采用瞭類似口述曆史的記錄手法，大量的對話和場景重現，讓曆史不再是教科書上的冰冷數據，而是活生生的、充滿煙火氣的片段。我感受到瞭那個動蕩年代下，人們為瞭生存所展現齣的那種粗糲而又頑強的生命力。書中對不同語言、不同國傢文化的細微差異的捕捉，也體現瞭作者深厚的田野調查功底。讀這本書的時候，我仿佛能聞到舊式火車車廂裏煤煙和廉價咖啡混閤的味道，感受到那種永不停歇的、嚮前的機械轟鳴聲。它以一種非常接地氣的方式，記錄瞭一段被主流曆史所忽視的“底層史詩”。
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