How Judges Think

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出版者:Harvard University Press
作者:The Honorable Richard A. Posner
出品人:
页数:400
译者:
出版时间:2010-5-1
价格:USD 18.95
装帧:Paperback
isbn号码:9780674048065
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 英文原版
  • 思维
  • 法律思维
  • 司法决策
  • 法官心理学
  • 行为法学
  • 认知偏差
  • 法律哲学
  • 法理学
  • 决策制定
  • 法律研究
  • 司法系统
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具体描述

A distinguished and experienced appellate court judge, Richard A. Posner offers in this new book a unique and, to orthodox legal thinkers, a startling perspective on how judges and justices decide cases. When conventional legal materials enable judges to ascertain the true facts of a case and apply clear pre-existing legal rules to them, Posner argues, they do so straightforwardly; that is the domain of legalist reasoning. However, in non-routine cases, the conventional materials run out and judges are on their own, navigating uncharted seas with equipment consisting of experience, emotions, and often unconscious beliefs. In doing so, they take on a legislative role, though one that is confined by internal and external constraints, such as professional ethics, opinions of respected colleagues, and limitations imposed by other branches of government on freewheeling judicial discretion. Occasional legislators, judges are motivated by political considerations in a broad and sometimes a narrow sense of that term. In that open area, most American judges are legal pragmatists. Legal pragmatism is forward-looking and policy-based. It focuses on the consequences of a decision in both the short and the long term, rather than on its antecedent logic. Legal pragmatism so understood is really just a form of ordinary practical reasoning, rather than some special kind of legal reasoning.

Supreme Court justices are uniquely free from the constraints on ordinary judges and uniquely tempted to engage in legislative forms of adjudication. More than any other court, the Supreme Court is best understood as a political court.

《思维的棱镜:解读法官判决背后的逻辑与人性》 这是一本深入探究法官思维过程的著作,它跳脱出僵化的法律条文与程序,将焦点置于孕育判决的关键——法官的内心世界。本书并非罗列枯燥的案例分析,而是以一种更为人性化、更具洞察力的视角,剖析法官在面对复杂案件时,如何运用其独特的思维模式、个人经历、价值取向以及情感倾向,最终构建出具有说服力且影响深远的判决。 本书的独特之处在于,它将法官视为一个多维度、有血有肉的个体,而非冰冷的法律机器。作者通过详实的社会学、心理学和历史学研究,揭示了影响法官思维的多元因素。这些因素包括但不限于: 个人成长背景与生命经历: 法官的童年、教育经历、职业生涯的早期磨砺,甚至是其人生中的重大转折点,都可能对其法律理解的深度、对正义的感知以及对社会问题的看法产生潜移默化的影响。例如,一位曾亲身经历不公待遇的法官,在审理类似案件时,其同情心和对细节的关注程度,或许会比旁观者更为强烈。 价值观与道德罗盘: 法律条文提供了框架,但最终的解释和应用,往往离不开法官内心的价值观和道德判断。这本书会探讨,当法律规定与社会普遍认知或法官个人道德准则发生碰撞时,法官是如何权衡取舍,如何构建其正义的天平。这不仅仅是形式上的公正,更是深层次的道德考量。 认知偏差与思维捷径: 诚如所有人一样,法官也并非完全免于认知偏差。本书将审视诸如“锚定效应”、“确认偏误”、“从众心理”等心理学概念,在司法实践中的体现。法官如何识别并规避这些可能影响判断的思维陷阱,是本书探讨的重要议题。它揭示了即使是最严谨的法律工作者,也可能受到非理性因素的影响。 法律解释的艺术与策略: 法律条文并非总是字面含义一成不变,解释的艺术至关重要。本书将深入剖析法官在解释法律时所采用的各种方法,如目的性解释、体系解释、历史解释等,以及这些解释策略背后所蕴含的思维逻辑。这是一种在既定规则内寻找最优解的智慧,也是一种对法律生命力的注入。 社会环境与时代思潮: 法官并非生活在真空中,他们身处的社会环境、所处的时代思潮,都会对其思维产生重要影响。例如,在社会转型期,新的法律概念和价值观念如何被司法体系所接纳和解读,便是值得深思的课题。本书将展示法律与社会脉搏的紧密联系。 情感因素的角色: 尽管司法讲求理性,但情感在人的思维中扮演着不可或缺的角色。本书并非宣扬情感凌驾于法律之上,而是探讨法官在公正判决过程中,如何处理和管理可能存在的同情、愤怒、偏见等情感,并使其不至于扭曲公正的天平。这是一种对司法“人性化”的深度审视。 本书的写作风格力求通俗易懂,避免了学术研究中常见的晦涩术语,而是通过生动的叙述、贴切的类比以及富有启发性的案例(不涉及具体案例细节,而是以普遍性场景为例),让读者能够轻松地走进法官的内心世界。作者并非要批判法官的思维,而是要提供一个更全面、更深刻的理解框架,帮助读者认识到司法判决的复杂性与人性化特质。 阅读本书,你将不再仅仅看到冰冷的判决书,而是能够窥见其背后那 intricate(错综复杂)的思维图景,理解法官是如何在法律、道德、经验和情感的交织中,寻找并确立正义的边界。它提供了一种全新的视角来审视司法体系,理解为何不同的法官在面对相似的案件时,会做出不同的判决。这本书是对“思”在司法中的核心地位的一次深刻注解,是对法律活动中最具魅力的“人”的因素的一次细致描摹。它将引导你思考,在法律的光辉背后,究竟是什么在驱动着做出最终裁决的那颗心灵。

作者简介

Richard A. Posner is a judge of the U.S. Court Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, and a senior lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School. He is the author of numerous books, including Overcoming Law, a New York Times Book Review editors' choices for best book of 1995 and An Affair of State: The Investigation, Impeachment, and Trial of President Clinton, one of Times' choices for Best Book of the Year in 1999 and a Los Angeles Times Book Prize Finalist, 2000.

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great analysis of the existing problems in the US judges selection and the overall judicial system, how it processes all different kinds of cases, and yet lack of proposals of feasible solutions to various problem raised by Judge Posner himself...

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great analysis of the existing problems in the US judges selection and the overall judicial system, how it processes all different kinds of cases, and yet lack of proposals of feasible solutions to various problem raised by Judge Posner himself...

评分

great analysis of the existing problems in the US judges selection and the overall judicial system, how it processes all different kinds of cases, and yet lack of proposals of feasible solutions to various problem raised by Judge Posner himself...

评分

great analysis of the existing problems in the US judges selection and the overall judicial system, how it processes all different kinds of cases, and yet lack of proposals of feasible solutions to various problem raised by Judge Posner himself...

评分

great analysis of the existing problems in the US judges selection and the overall judicial system, how it processes all different kinds of cases, and yet lack of proposals of feasible solutions to various problem raised by Judge Posner himself...

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