具體描述
Charles Siewert presents a distinctive approach to consciousness that emphasizes our first-person knowledge of experience and argues that we should grant consciousness, understood in this way, a central place in our conception of mind and intentionality. Written in an engaging manner that makes its recently controversial topic accessible to the thoughtful general reader, this book challenges theories that equate consciousness with a functional role or with the mere availability of sensory information to cognitive capacities. Siewert argues that the notion of phenomenal consciousness, slighted in some recent theories, can be made evident by noting our reliance on first-person knowledge and by considering, from the subject's point of view, the difference between having and lacking certain kinds of experience. This contrast is clarified by careful attention to cases, both actual and hypothetical, indicated by research on brain-damaged patients' ability to discriminate visually without conscious visual experience - what has become known as 'blindsight'. In addition, Siewert convincingly defends such approaches against objections that they make an illegitimate appeal to 'introspection'. Experiences that are conscious in Siewert's sense differ from each other in ways that only what is conscious can - in phenomenal character - and having this character gives them intentionality. In Siewert's view, consciousness is involved not only in the intentionality of sense experience and imagery, but in that of nonimagistic ways of thinking as well. Consciousness is pervasively bound up with intelligent perception and conceptual thought: it is not mere sensation or 'raw feel'. Having thus understood consciousness, we can better recognize how, for many of us, it possesses such deep intrinsic value that life without it would be little or no better than death.
作者簡介
目錄資訊
INTRODUCTION 3
The Project 3
A First-Person Approach 4
Guarding Against Peremptory Rejection 6
A Look Ahead 8
CHAPTER 1
First-Person Knowledge 10
1.1 Attitudes and Experience 10
1.2 Knowledge, Belief, and Warrant 12
1.3 Why I Am Not a Cartesian 16
1.4 The Shape of the Argument 21
1.5 Knowing What One Perceives 24
1.6 A Wittgensteinian Challenge 27
1.7 Solitary Self-Knowledge 33
1.8 But Do We Know Our Minds? 36
CHAPTER 2
Third-Person Doubts about First-Person Warrant 39
2.1 Third-Person Doubts 39
2.2 Experimental Assaults on “Privileged Access” 40
2.3 Why Third-Person Investigation Will Not Banish
First-Person Warrant 46
2.4 Self-Knowledge and the Eliminativist Prospect 49
2.5 Lingering Methodological Anxieties 61
CHAPTER 3
Phenomenal Consciousness 65
3.1 The Task of Clarification 65
3.2 Silent Speech 67
3.3 Consciousness: Not Just Talk 70
3.4 Making Consciousness Conspicuous by Its Absence 73
3.5 Prompted Blindsight 74
3.6 Spontaneous Blindsight 76
3.7 Amblyopic Blindsight 79
3.8 Is “Blindsight” Real Sight? 81
3.9 Reflective Blindsight 83
3.10 How Experiences Differ: Phenomenal Character 85
3.11 How to Deny Consciousness 93
3.12 Summary 99
CHAPTER 4
Varieties of Consciousness Neglect 101
4.1 A Test for Neglect 101
4.2 Seeming, Judging, and Discriminatory Talents 103
4.3 Learning Visual Judgment 108
4.4 Inner Discrimination, Sensory Qualities, and Higher-Order Thought 116
4.5 Consciously Seeing Is Not Just Thinking You Do 130
4.6 The Capacity to Use Visual Information 133
4.7 Evaluative Talents 137
4.8 Consciousness Neglect in Functionalism 140
4.9 Is Consciousness a Hidden Feature? 145
4.10 Summary 148
CHAPTER 5
Preventing Neglect 151
5.1 Seeking Rationales for Neglect 151
5.2 Does Neuroscience Say We Are Not Conscious? 151
5.3 Is Belinda a Metaphysical Mistake? 154
5.4 The Warrantability of Missing-Experience Reports 165
5.5 Fear of Skepticism 179
5.6 Summary 185
CHAPTER 6
Consciousness and Self-Reflection 187
6.1 Consciousness as Self-Directedness 187
6.2 Intentionality and Mentally Self-Directed Features 188
6.3 The “Conscious-of” Trap 194
6.4 Unreflected-on Experience 197
6.5 Unreflective Perceivers 202
6.6 The Absence of Inner Perception 208
6.7 Summary 214
CHAPTER 7
Visual Experience: Intentionality and Richness 217
7.1 Can We Take the Intentional Out of the Phenomenal? 217
7.2 Framing the Issue 219
7.3 Is the Phenomenal Holistic Enough to Be Intentional? 223
7.4 Sense-Data Inflated (and Exploded) 227
7.5 Sensory Intentionality Is Not Bestowed by Judgment 234
7.6 Might Essential Environmental and Behavioral Links Be Missing? 242
7.7 The Intentionality of Color Experience 245
7.8 Visual Experience: Untold Riches 247
7.9 Other Forms of Phenomenal Visual Wealth 255
7.10 Summary 259
CHAPTER 8
Conscious Thought 263
8.1 Conscious Thought—Iconic and Noniconic 263
8.2. Intentionality and Visualization 264
8.3 Conscious Thought: Not Just Imagery 274
8.4 The Relation of Phenomenal and Intentional Differences in Thought 283
8.5 Thought’s Seeming: Inseparable from Thought 292
8.6 Conclusion 305
CHAPTER 9
The Importance of Consciousness 307
9.1 Does Consciousness Matter? 307
9.2 Experience for Its Own Sake 310
9.3 The Importance of Being Conscious 326
9.4 Should We Care So Much about Consciousness? 331
9.5 But Must We Talk about It? 335
9.6 Conclusion 337
NOTES 341
REFERENCES 365
INDEX 369
· · · · · · (收起)
讀後感
用戶評價
從純粹的文學角度來評價，這本書的語言組織達到瞭近乎詩意的境界，即便是在闡述最枯燥的理論時，也保持著一種韻律感和節奏感。我經常需要放慢速度來品味那些措辭，句子結構的變化多端，使得閱讀過程充滿瞭變數和驚喜，絕無半點冗長或重復之感。作者對於隱喻的運用達到瞭爐火純青的地步，那些恰到好處的比喻，像是精準的光束，瞬間照亮瞭那些晦澀難懂的邏輯鏈條。這種寫作手法，使得一本理論性極強的作品，擁有瞭文學作品般的閱讀愉悅感。它成功地搭建瞭一座橋梁，連接瞭冰冷的邏輯分析和溫暖的人類體驗，讓讀者在理解復雜係統的同時，也能感受到知識本身的魅力與美感。
评分對於長期關注這一領域，卻感到審美疲勞的讀者來說，這本書無疑是一劑強效的清醒劑。它沒有重復那些已經被討論瞭無數次的陳詞濫調，反而勇敢地觸碰瞭那些被學界普遍視為“禁區”或者“尚未解決”的核心難題。作者敢於提齣大膽的假說，並且用極其嚴謹的框架去支撐這些看似大膽的構想，這種智識上的勇氣令人肅然起敬。它不是提供一個安逸的結論，而是邀請讀者登上一個尚未完全建造的瞭望颱，共同眺望那些充滿未知與可能性的地平綫。閱讀過程充滿瞭思想的碰撞，它讓你不得不重新審視自己所持有的那些“常識”，並質疑其存在的必然性。這是一本能切實改變你看待世界方式的書，其影響力是深遠且持久的。
评分如果說大部分探討心智的著作都像是精密的手術刀，試圖解剖和分類每一個神經元和概念結構，那麼這本書則更像是一幅印象派的油畫，用光影和氛圍來捕捉難以名狀的“感覺”。它不執著於給齣所有明確的答案，反而更熱衷於激發讀者去提齣更深刻、更具挑戰性的問題。我發現自己時不時會放下書本，陷入沉思，迴憶起那些被遺忘的瞬間，那些曾經讓我感到睏惑、或豁然開朗的時刻，現在似乎都有瞭一個新的解讀維度。這種閱讀體驗是極其沉浸的，它挑戰瞭我固有的認知邊界，迫使我以一種全新的視角去審視“存在”這件事。文字的質感非常獨特，時而如清晨的薄霧般輕盈縹緲，時而又似午後的鍾聲般振聾發聵，讓人難以抗拒。
评分這本書最引人注目的一點，在於其廣博的跨學科視野。它絕非僅僅局限於某個狹隘的學術領域，而是像一個靈敏的天綫，捕捉著來自心理學、物理學前沿，甚至藝術批評領域的微弱信號，並將它們編織成一張密不透風的論證之網。這種宏大的綜閤能力，在同類主題的作品中是罕見的。我尤其贊賞作者在引用和對比不同學派觀點時的那種公允和深刻，沒有偏袒，也沒有迎閤主流。它呈現的不是一個單一的、被美化的真相，而是一個充滿張力的、動態的探索過程。讀完後，我感覺自己的知識圖譜被重新繪製瞭一遍，原先孤立的知識點之間，突然建立瞭許多意想不到的連接。這是一次真正的智力冒險，讓人在廣闊的知識海洋中體驗到駕馭風浪的快感。
评分這本書的敘事節奏把握得極其精準，簡直像是經驗豐富的老船長在掌舵，你知道航程會充滿挑戰，但又對即將到來的景象充滿期待。作者似乎深諳如何將宏大的哲學思辨巧妙地融入到日常的觀察之中，使得那些原本可能顯得高深莫測的理論，在具體的場景中找到瞭生動的注腳。我特彆欣賞它在處理復雜概念時所展現齣的那種剋製而優雅的筆觸，沒有絲毫故作高深的匠氣。它更像是一場與智者的私密對談，娓娓道來，卻字字珠璣。每一次閱讀，都像是在解開一層層精巧的密碼，每一次都有新的理解浮現，這絕對不是那種讀完就束之高閣的快餐讀物，而是需要反復咀嚼、沉澱的佳作。那種對人性幽微之處的洞察，精準得令人心驚，仿佛作者曾偷窺過我內心深處那些未曾言明的掙紮與渴求。
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