Copyright .................................................................................................................... xix
Foreword ..................................................................................................................... xxi
Preface ...................................................................................................................... xxiii
1. Audience ....................................................................................................... xxiii
2. Book Layout .................................................................................................. xxiii
3. Jenkins or Hudson? ......................................................................................... xxiii
4. Font Conventions ............................................................................................ xxiv
5. Command-Line Conventions ............................................................................. xxiv
6. Contributors .................................................................................................... xxv
7. The Review Team ........................................................................................... xxvi
8. Book Sponsors ................................................................................................ xxvi
...8.1. Wakaleo Consulting .............................................................................. xxvi
...8.2. CloudBees .......................................................................................... xxvii
...8.3. Odd-e ................................................................................................ xxvii
9. Using Code Examples .................................................................................... xxviii
10. Safari® Books Online ................................................................................... xxviii
11. How to Contact Us ........................................................................................ xxix
12. Acknowledgments .......................................................................................... xxix
...1. Introducing Jenkins ......................................................................................................1
......1.1. Introduction .....................................................................................................1
......1.2. Continuous Integration Fundamentals ....................................................................1
......1.3. Introducing Jenkins (née Hudson) ........................................................................2
......1.4. From Hudson to Jenkins—A Short History ............................................................3
......1.5. Should I Use Jenkins or Hudson? .........................................................................4
......1.6. Introducing Continuous Integration into Your Organization ....................................... 5
.........1.6.1. Phase 1—No Build Server .......................................................................5
.........1.6.2. Phase 2—Nightly Builds ..........................................................................5
.........1.6.3. Phase 3—Nightly Builds and Basic Automated Tests .....................................5
.........1.6.4. Phase 4—Enter the Metrics ......................................................................6
.........1.6.5. Phase 5—Getting More Serious About Testing .............................................6
.........1.6.6. Phase 6—Automated Acceptance Tests and More Automated Deployment.........6
.........1.6.7. Phase 7—Continuous Deployment .............................................................6
......1.7. Where to Now? ................................................................................................ 7
...2. Your First Steps with Jenkins ........................................................................................ 9
......2.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 9
......2.2. Preparing Your Environment ............................................................................... 9
.........2.2.1. Installing Java ...................................................................................... 10
.........2.2.2. Installing Git ........................................................................................ 11
.........2.2.3. Setting Up a GitHub Account .................................................................. 11
.........2.2.4. Configuring SSH Keys ........................................................................... 12
.........2.2.5. Forking the Sample Repository ................................................................ 12
......2.3. Starting Up Jenkins .......................................................................................... 14
......2.4. Configuring the Tools ...................................................................................... 17
.........2.4.1. Configuring Your Maven Setup ............................................................... 18
.........2.4.2. Configuring the JDK ............................................................................. 19
.........2.4.3. Notification .......................................................................................... 20
.........2.4.4. Setting Up Git ...................................................................................... 20
......2.5. Your First Jenkins Build Job ............................................................................. 21
......2.6. Your First Build Job in Action .......................................................................... 26
......2.7. More Reporting—Displaying Javadocs ................................................................ 33
......2.8. Adding Code Coverage and Other Metrics ........................................................... 35
......2.9. Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 41
...3. Installing Jenkins ....................................................................................................... 43
......3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 43
......3.2. Downloading and Installing Jenkins .................................................................... 43
......3.3. Preparing a Build Server for Jenkins ................................................................... 46
......3.4. The Jenkins Home Directory ............................................................................. 47
......3.5. Installing Jenkins on Debian or Ubuntu ............................................................... 48
......3.6. Installing Jenkins on Redhat, Fedora, or CentOS ................................................... 49
......3.7. Installing Jenkins on SUSE or OpenSUSE ........................................................... 50
......3.8. Running Jenkins as a Stand-Alone Application ..................................................... 51
......3.9. Running Jenkins Behind an Apache Server .......................................................... 54
......3.10. Running Jenkins on an Application Server .......................................................... 55
......3.11. Memory Considerations .................................................................................. 56
......3.12. Installing Jenkins as a Windows Service ............................................................ 56
......3.13. What’s in the Jenkins Home Directory ............................................................... 60
......3.14. Backing Up Your Jenkins Data ........................................................................ 64
......3.15. Upgrading Your Jenkins Installation .................................................................. 64
......3.16. Conclusion ................................................................................................... 65
...4. Configuring Your Jenkins Server .................................................................................. 67
......4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 67
......4.2. The Configuration Dashboard—The Manage Jenkins Screen .................................... 67
......4.3. Configuring the System Environment .................................................................. 70
......4.4. Configuring Global Properties ............................................................................ 71
......4.5. Configuring Your JDKs .................................................................................... 72
......4.6. Configuring Your Build Tools ........................................................................... 74
.........4.6.1. Maven ................................................................................................. 74
.........4.6.2. Ant ..................................................................................................... 76
.........4.6.3. Shell-Scripting Language ........................................................................ 77
......4.7. Configuring Your Version Control Tools ............................................................. 77
.........4.7.1. Configuring Subversion .......................................................................... 77
.........4.7.2. Configuring CVS .................................................................................. 77
......4.8. Configuring the Mail Server .............................................................................. 78
......4.9. Configuring a Proxy ........................................................................................ 79
......4.10. Conclusion ................................................................................................... 80
...5. Setting Up Your Build Jobs ......................................................................................... 81
......5.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 81
......5.2. Jenkins Build Jobs ........................................................................................... 81
......5.3. Creating a Freestyle Build Job ........................................................................... 82
.........5.3.1. General Options .................................................................................... 82
.........5.3.2. Advanced Project Options ...................................................................... 84
......5.4. Configuring Source Code Management ................................................................ 85
.........5.4.1. Working with Subversion ....................................................................... 86
.........5.4.2. Working with Git .................................................................................. 88
......5.5. Build Triggers ...............................................................................................100
.........5.5.1.TriggeringaBuildJobOnceAnotherBuildJobHasFinished...................... 101
.........5.5.2. Scheduled Build Jobs ........................................................................... 101
.........5.5.3. Polling the SCM ................................................................................. 102
.........5.5.4. Triggering Builds Remotely .................................................................. 103
.........5.5.5. Manual Build Jobs ............................................................................... 105
......5.6. Build Steps ................................................................................................... 105
.........5.6.1. Maven Build Steps .............................................................................. 105
.........5.6.2. Ant Build Steps .................................................................................. 107
.........5.6.3. Executing a Shell or Windows Batch Command ........................................ 107
.........5.6.4. Using Jenkins Environment Variables in Your Builds ................................. 109
.........5.6.5. Running Groovy Scripts ....................................................................... 111
.........5.6.6. Building Projects in Other Languages ..................................................... 113
......5.7. Post-Build Actions ......................................................................................... 113
.........5.7.1. Reporting on Test Results ..................................................................... 113
.........5.7.2. Archiving Build Results ....................................................................... 114
.........5.7.3. Notifications ....................................................................................... 117
.........5.7.4. Building Other Projects ........................................................................ 118
......5.8. Running Your New Build Job .......................................................................... 118
......5.9. Working with Maven Build Jobs ...................................................................... 118
.........5.9.1. Building Whenever a SNAPSHOT Dependency Is Built .............................. 119
.........5.9.2. Configuring the Maven Build ................................................................ 120
.........5.9.3. Post-Build Actions ............................................................................... 121
.........5.9.4. Deploying to an Enterprise Repository Manager ........................................ 122
.........5.9.5. Deploying to Commercial Enterprise Repository Managers .......................... 125
.........5.9.6. Managing Modules .............................................................................. 126
.........5.9.7. Extra Build Steps in Your Maven Build Jobs ............................................ 127
......5.10. Using Jenkins with Other Languages ............................................................... 127
.........5.10.1. Building Projects with Grails ............................................................... 127
.........5.10.2. Building Projects with Gradle .............................................................. 129
.........5.10.3. Building Projects with Visual Studio MSBuild ........................................ 132
.........5.10.4. Building Projects with NAnt ................................................................ 133
.........5.10.5. Building Projects with Ruby and Ruby on Rails ....................................... 134
......5.11. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 136
...6. Automated Testing ................................................................................................... 137
......6.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 137
......6.2. Automating Your Unit and Integration Tests ....................................................... 138
......6.3. Configuring Test Reports in Jenkins .................................................................. 139
......6.4. Displaying Test Results .................................................................................. 141
......6.5. Ignoring Tests ............................................................................................... 144
......6.6. Code Coverage .............................................................................................. 146
.........6.6.1. Measuring Code Coverage with Cobertura ............................................... 147
.........6.6.2. Measuring Code Coverage with Clover .................................................... 156
......6.7. Automated Acceptance Tests ........................................................................... 157
......6.8. Automated Performance Tests with JMeter ......................................................... 160
......6.9. Help! My Tests Are Too Slow! ........................................................................ 168
.........6.9.1. Add More Hardware ............................................................................ 168
.........6.9.2. Run Fewer Integration/Functional Tests ................................................... 169
.........6.9.3. Run Your Tests in Parallel .................................................................... 169
......6.10. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 170
...7. Securing Jenkins ...................................................................................................... 171
......7.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 171
......7.2. Activating Security in Jenkins .......................................................................... 171
......7.3. Simple Security in Jenkins .............................................................................. 172
......7.4. Security Realms—Identifying Jenkins Users ....................................................... 173
.........7.4.1. Using Jenkins’s Built-in User Database ................................................... 173
.........7.4.2. Using an LDAP Repository ................................................................... 176
.........7.4.3. Using Microsoft Active Directory ........................................................... 178
.........7.4.4. Using Unix Users and Groups ............................................................... 179
.........7.4.5. Delegating to the Servlet Container ......................................................... 179
.........7.4.6. Using Atlassian Crowd ......................................................................... 180
.........7.4.7. Integrating with Other Systems .............................................................. 181
......7.5. Authorization—Who Can Do What ................................................................... 183
.........7.5.1. Matrix-based Security .......................................................................... 183
.........7.5.2. Project-based Security .......................................................................... 187
.........7.5.3. Role-based Security ............................................................................. 189
......7.6. Auditing—Keeping Track of User Actions ......................................................... 191
......7.7. Conclusion ................................................................................................... 194
...8. Notification ............................................................................................................. 197
......8.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 197
......8.2. Email Notification .......................................................................................... 197
......8.3. More Advanced Email Notification ................................................................... 198
......8.4. Claiming Builds ............................................................................................ 202
......8.5. RSS Feeds .................................................................................................... 203
......8.6. Build Radiators ............................................................................................. 204
......8.7. Instant Messaging .......................................................................................... 206
.........8.7.1. IM Notification with Jabber .................................................................. 206
.........8.7.2. IM Notification using IRC .................................................................... 210
......8.8. IRC Notification ............................................................................................ 211
......8.9. Desktop Notifiers ........................................................................................... 214
......8.10. Notification via Notifo .................................................................................. 217
......8.11. Mobile Notification ...................................................................................... 219
......8.12. SMS Notification ......................................................................................... 220
......8.13. Making Noise .............................................................................................. 222
......8.14. Extreme Feedback Devices ............................................................................ 224
......8.15. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 226
...9. Code Quality ........................................................................................................... 227
......9.1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 227
......9.2. Code Quality in Your Build Process .................................................................. 228
......9.3. Popular Java and Groovy Code Quality Analysis Tools ......................................... 229
.........9.3.1. Checkstyle ......................................................................................... 229
.........9.3.2. PMD/CPD .......................................................................................... 232
.........9.3.3. FindBugs ........................................................................................... 236
.........9.3.4. CodeNarc ........................................................................................... 238
......9.4.ReportingonCodeQualityIssueswiththeViolationsPlugin................................. 239
.........9.4.1. Working with Freestyle Build Jobs ......................................................... 240
.........9.4.2. Working with Maven Build Jobs ............................................................ 243
......9.5. Using the Checkstyle, PMD, and FindBugs Reports ............................................. 245
......9.6. Reporting on Code Complexity ........................................................................ 248
......9.7. Reporting on Open Tasks ................................................................................ 249
......9.8. Integrating with Sonar .................................................................................... 251
......9.9. Conclusion ................................................................................................... 255
...10. Advanced Builds .................................................................................................... 257
......10.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 257
......10.2. Parameterized Build Jobs ............................................................................... 257
.........10.2.1. Creating a Parameterized Build Job ....................................................... 257
.........10.2.2. Adapting Your Builds to Work with Parameterized Build Scripts ................. 259
.........10.2.3. More Advanced Parameter Types ......................................................... 261
.........10.2.4. Building from a Subversion Tag ........................................................... 262
.........10.2.5. Building from a Git Tag ..................................................................... 263
.........10.2.6. Starting a Parameterized Build Job Remotely .......................................... 264
.........10.2.7. Parameterized Build Job History ........................................................... 265
......10.3. Parameterized Triggers .................................................................................. 265
......10.4. Multiconfiguration Build Jobs ........................................................................ 268
.........10.4.1. Setting Up a Multiconfiguration Build ................................................... 268
.........10.4.2. Configuring a Slave Axis .................................................................... 269
.........10.4.3. Configuring a JDK Axis ..................................................................... 270
.........10.4.4. Custom Axis ..................................................................................... 271
.........10.4.5. Running a Multiconfiguration Build ...................................................... 271
......10.5. Generating Your Maven Build Jobs Automatically ............................................. 274
.........10.5.1. Configuring a Job .............................................................................. 275
.........10.5.2. Reusing Job Configuration with Inheritance ............................................ 277
.........10.5.3. Plugin Support .................................................................................. 278
.........10.5.4. Freestyle Jobs ................................................................................... 281
......10.6. Coordinating Your Builds .............................................................................. 281
.........10.6.1. Parallel Builds in Jenkins .................................................................... 282
.........10.6.2. Dependency Graphs ........................................................................... 282
.........10.6.3. Joins ................................................................................................ 283
.........10.6.4. Locks and Latches ............................................................................. 284
......10.7. Build Pipelines and Promotions ...................................................................... 285
.........10.7.1. Managing Maven Releases with the M2Release Plugin .............................. 286
.........10.7.2. Copying Artifacts .............................................................................. 289
.........10.7.3. Build Promotions ............................................................................... 292
.........10.7.4. Aggregating Test Results .................................................................... 300
.........10.7.5. Build Pipelines .................................................................................. 301
......10.8. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 304
...11. Distributed Builds ................................................................................................... 305
......11.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 305
......11.2. The Jenkins Distributed Build Architecture ....................................................... 305
......11.3. Master/Slave Strategies in Jenkins ................................................................... 306
.........11.3.1. The Master Starts the Slave Agent Using SSH .........................................306
.........11.3.2.StartingtheSlaveAgentManuallyUsingJavaWebStart.......................... 310
.........11.3.3. Installing a Jenkins Slave as a Windows Service ...................................... 313
.........11.3.4. Starting the Slave Node in Headless Mode ............................................. 314
.........11.3.5. Starting a Windows Slave as a Remote Service ........................................ 315
......11.4. Associating a Build Job with a Slave or Group of Slaves ..................................... 315
......11.5. Node Monitoring .......................................................................................... 317
......11.6. Cloud Computing ......................................................................................... 318
.........11.6.1. Using Amazon EC2 ........................................................................... 318
......11.7. Using the CloudBees DEV@cloud Service ....................................................... 322
......11.8. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 323
...12. Automated Deployment and Continuous Delivery ......................................................... 325
......12.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 325
......12.2. Implementing Automated and Continuous Deployment ........................................ 326
.........12.2.1. The Deployment Script ....................................................................... 326
.........12.2.2. Database Updates .............................................................................. 326
.........12.2.3. Smoke Tests ..................................................................................... 329
.........12.2.4. Rolling Back Changes ........................................................................ 329
......12.3. Deploying to an Application Server ................................................................. 330
.........12.3.1. Deploying a Java Application .............................................................. 330
.........12.3.2. Deploying Scripting-based Applications Like Ruby and PHP ...................... 339
......12.4. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 342
...13. Maintaining Jenkins ................................................................................................ 345
......13.1. Introduction ................................................................................................. 345
......13.2. Monitoring Disk Space .................................................................................. 345
.........13.2.1. Using the Disk Usage Plugin ............................................................... 346
.........13.2.2. Disk Usage and the Jenkins Maven Project Type ..................................... 348
......13.3. Monitoring the Server Load ........................................................................... 349
......13.4. Backing Up Your Configuration ..................................................................... 351
.........13.4.1. Fundamentals of Jenkins Backups ......................................................... 351
.........13.4.2. Using the Backup Plugin ..................................................................... 353
.........13.4.3. More Lightweight Automated Backups .................................................. 354
......13.5. Archiving Build Jobs .................................................................................... 355
......13.6. Migrating Build Jobs .................................................................................... 356
......13.7. Conclusion .................................................................................................. 359
A. Automating Your Unit and Integration Tests ................................................................ 361
...A.1. Automating Your Tests with Maven ................................................................. 361
...A.2. Automating Your Tests with Ant ..................................................................... 366
Index ......................................................................................................................... 371
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