South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu

出版者:United States Government Printing

作者:Roy Appleman

页数:785

出版时间:1986-12

价格:GBP 39.02

装帧:Hardcover

isbn号码:9780317594676

具体描述

Since it was only from survivors of the early battles in Korea that one could hope to reconstruct the narrative of the first months of the conflict, the writer undertook to get their story. When he arrived in Korea in early July 1951, on active duty with the Army, he had orders from Maj. Gen. Orlando Ward, then Chief of Military History, to study the terrain of the action and to interview as many participants, of all ranks, as he could find. He began then a process continued almost to the hour that this manuscript went to press. He talked with hundreds of soldiers, from privates to threeand four-star generals, about particular actions and decisions affecting the action of which each had personal knowledge in some degree. One interview would result in leads to others. Thus the snowball grew. Many officers and soldiers who had information were now in distant lands on reassignment, or otherwise out of reach for personal discussion. To them went letters. Over the years, information came back from many corners of the globe. The response was remarkable. The author had only to ask and he received. The men were eager to tell their story—from the private in the ranks to General of the Army Douglas MacArthur. Without this willing help of those who toiled, suffered, bled, and lost their comrades the story of the Korean War in 1950 could never have been told satisfactorily. If this narrative carries the mark of truth, it is to these men largely that it is due. My debt to them is great. Note: Due to its large size, Map 7 has been removed. There are a tremendous number of maps and illustrations included in this work.

作者简介

Roy E. Appleman, a graduate of Ohio State University, magna cum laude, continued his education at Yale Law School and Columbia University, receiving from the latter the M.A. degree in History and completing all requirements for the Ph.D. degree except the publication of a dissertation.

He entered the United States Army as a private in the infantry in 1942 during World War II and after completing Officer Candidate School the following year was commissioned a 2d lieutenant. After a number of assignments, he was sent overseas to the Pacific theater in 1944, assigned as a combat historian with the United States Tenth Army and subsequently attached to the XXIV Corps. Coauthor of Okinawa: The Last Battle, first combat volume to be published in the series UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II, he received the Army Commendation Ribbon in 1945 for performance of duties as combat historian in the Okinawa campaign and his subsequent contribution to the Okinawa volume.

Early in 1951 Colonel Appleman (then a major) was ordered from reserve status to active duty with the Army and sent to Korea as a combat historian for the purpose of studying the action there and preparing the Army's history of the Korean War. A lieutenant colonel, he returned to civilian life in the autumn of 1954. Upon completion of the manuscript for the present work, he received the Secretary of the Army's Certificate of Appreciation for Patriotic Civilian Service.

Author of Abraham Lincoln: From His Own Words and Contemporary Accounts, published by the Government Printing Office; coauthor of Great Western Indian Fights, being published by Doubleday & Company, Inc.; and coauthor of History of the United States Flag and Symbols of Sovereignty, being published by Harper & Brothers, Mr. Appleman is presently Staff Historian in the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, and holds a commission as lieutenant colonel in the U. S. Army Reserve.

目录信息

Chapter Page
I. KOREA AND THE BACKGROUND OF CONFLICT ......................... 1
II. ARMED FORCES OF NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA ....................... 7
The North Korea People's Army ........................... 8
The Republic of Korea Armed Forces ...................... 12
III. INVASION ACROSS THE PARALLEL ............................... 19
Invasion ................................................ 21
The ROK Counterattack at Uijongbu ....................... 28
The Fall of Seoul ....................................... 30
IV. THE UNITED STATES AND THE UNITED NATIONS REACT .............. 36
U.S. and U.N. Action .................................... 37
Evacuation of U.S. Nationals From Korea ................. 38
KMAG Starts To Leave Korea .............................. 40
ADCOM in Korea .......................................... 42
MacArthur Flies to Korea ................................ 44
The President Authorizes Use of U.S. Ground Troops in
Korea ................................................ 46
V. THE NORTH KOREANS CROSS THE HAN RIVER ........................ 49
Deployment of U.S. Forces in the Far East, June 1950 .... 49
The River Crossing ...................................... 52
ADCOM Abandons Suwon .................................... 55
VI. AMERICAN GROUND FORCES ENTER THE BATTLE ..................... 59
Task Force Smith Goes to Korea .......................... 60
Task Force Smith at Osan ................................ 65
VII. DELAYING ACTION: P'YONGT'AEK TO CHOCH'IWON ................. 77
The Retreat From P'yongt'aek ............................ 79
Night Battle at Ch'onan ................................. 82
The 21st Infantry Moves Up .............................. 88
The Fight at Chonui ..................................... 90
Choch'iwon .............................................. 96
VIII. IN THE CENTRAL MOUNTAINS AND ON THE EAST COAST ............ 101
Page xv
Chapter Page
IX. EIGHTH ARMY IN COMMAND ...................................... 109
General Walker Assumes Command in Korea ................. 110
Troop Training and Logistics ............................ 113
The Port of Pusan and Its Communications ................ 116
American Command Estimate ............................... 117
X. DISASTER AT THE KUM RIVER LINE ............................... 121
The N.K. 4th Division Crosses the Kum Below Kongju ...... 123
The 63d Field Artillery Battalion Overrun ............... 126
The N.K. 3d Division Crosses the Kum Against the 19th
Infantry ............................................. 130
Roadblock Behind the 19th Infantry ...................... 137
XI. TAEJON ...................................................... 146
Dean's Plan at Taejon ................................... 147
Taejon—The First Day .................................... 151
Taejon—The Second Day ................................... 155
Withdrawal From Taejon—Roadblock ........................ 164
The 24th Division After Taejon .......................... 179
XII. THE FRONT LINE MOVES SOUTH ................................. 182
Yongdok and the East Coastal Corridor ................... 182
Reorganization of the ROK Army .......................... 188
The U.S. 25th Division at Sangju ........................ 190
The 1st Cavalry Division Sails for Korea ................ 195
The 1st Cavalry Division Loses Yongdong ................. 197
The 27th Infantry's Baptism of Fire ..................... 199
Retreat ................................................. 203
"Stand or Die" .......................................... 205
XIII. THE ENEMY FLANKS EIGHTH ARMY IN THE WEST .................. 210
Walker Acts ............................................. 211
The Trap at Hadong ...................................... 215
The N.K. 4th Division Joins the Enveloping Move ......... 222
The N.K. 4th Division Seizes the Koch'ang Approach to
the Naktong .......................................... 225
Chinju Falls to the Enemy—31 July ....................... 227
Three Pershing Tanks at Chinju .......................... 231
Colonel Wilson Escapes With the 1st Battalion, 29th In-
fantry ............................................... 233
XIV. BLOCKING THE ROAD TO MASAN ................................. 285
The Two Roads to Masan .................................. 235
The Battle at the Notch ................................. 239
Colonel Check's Reconnaissance in Force Toward Chinju ... 242
The Affair at Chindong-ni ............................... 244
Page xvi
Chapter Page
XV. ESTABLISHING THE PUSAN PERIMETER ............................ 248
The 25th Division Moves South ........................... 248
United Nations Forces Withdraw Behind the Naktong ....... 249
The Pusan Perimeter ..................................... 252
U.S. Air Action and Build-up in the First Month ......... 255
Strength of the Opposing Forces at the Pusan Perimeter .. 262
XVI. THE FIRST AMERICAN COUNTERATTACK—TASK FORCE KEAN ........... 266
Who Attacks Whom? ....................................... 270
The 5th Marines on the Coastal Road ..................... 274
Bloody Gulch—Artillery Graveyard ........................ 276
Task Force Kean Ended ................................... 286
XVII. THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE NAKTONG BULGE ..................... 289
The Naktong Bulge ....................................... 290
The N.K. 4th Division Attacks Into the Naktong Bulge .... 291
The Enemy Gains Cloverleaf—Obong-ni ..................... 298
Yongsan Under Attack .................................... 302
Battle at Cloverleaf—Obong-ni ........................... 304
Marines Attack Obong-ni ................................. 310
24th Division Attack Gains Cloverleaf ................... 313
Obong-ni Falls .......................................... 315
The Enemy Bridgehead Destroyed .......................... 316
XVIII. BATTLE FOR THE EASTERN CORRIDOR TO PUSAN ................. 319
The Kyongju Corridor to Pusan ........................... 319
The North Koreans Reach P'ohang-dong .................... 320
The Air Force Abandons Yonil Airfield ................... 329
The ROK 3d Division Evacuated by Sea .................... 330
The North Koreans Turned Back From the Kyongju Corridor . 331
XIX. THE TAEGU FRONT ............................................ 334
The North Koreans Cross the Naktong for the Attack on
Taegu ................................................ 335
Triangulation Hill ...................................... 340
The Enemy 10th Division's Crossing at Yongp'o ........... 342
Hill 303 at Waegwan ..................................... 345
Tragedy on Hill 303 ..................................... 347
Carpet Bombing Opposite Waegwan ......................... 350
Bowling Alley—the Sangju-Taegu Corridor ................. 353
Page xvii
Chapter Page
XX. STALEMATE WEST OF MASAN ..................................... 364
The Southern Anchor of the Army Line .................... 364
The N.K 6th Division Regroups West of Masan ............. 365
Enemy Attacks at Komam-ni (Saga) ........................ 366
Battle Mountain ......................................... 368
XXI. AUGUST BUILD-UP AND SEPTEMBER PORTENTS ..................... 376
The Far East Air Forces in August ....................... 376
Ground Build-up ......................................... 379
Korean Augmentation to the United States Army ........... 385
Eighth Army Realignment and Extension Eastward .......... 389
The North Korean Plan ................................... 392

XXII. PERIMETER BATTLE .......................................... 397
Action in the East—Task Force Jackson ................... 397
Enemy Breakthrough at Yongch'on ......................... 408
Back on Taegu ........................................... 411
Crisis in Eighth Army Command ........................... 415
The 7th Cavalry's Withdrawal Battle ..................... 417
Troopers in the Mountains—Walled Ka-san ................. 421
Hill 314 ................................................ 432
XXIII. NORTH KOREAN BREAKTHROUGH IN THE SOUTH ................... 437
Midnight Near Masan ..................................... 438
Agok .................................................... 443
Task Force Manchu Misfires .............................. 446
The North Koreans Split the U.S. 2d Division ............ 448
General Walker's Decisions on 1 September ............... 451
XXIV. THE NORTH KOREAN GREAT NAKTONG OFFENSIVE .................. 454
The End of Task Force Manchu ............................ 456
The Battle of Yongsan ................................... 459
The 23d Infantry in Front of Changnyong ................. 466
A North Korean Puzzle ................................... 469
The 35th Infantry—The Rock of the Nam ................... 470
Counterattack at Haman .................................. 479
Battle Mountain and Sobuk-san ........................... 483

XXV. THE LANDING AT INCH'ON ..................................... 488
MacArthur's Early Plans ................................. 488
X Corps Troops Assembled ................................ 489
The Landing Controversy ................................. 492
Naval Plans ............................................. 497
Intelligence Estimate ................................... 500
The Ships Load Out ...................................... 501
Preliminary Bombardment ................................. 502
Securing the Inch'on Beachhead .......................... 503
Capture of Kimpo Airfield and Advance to the Han River .. 509

Page xviii

Chapter Page
XXVI. THE CAPTURE OF SEOUL ...................................... 515
The Capture of Yongdungp'o .............................. 516
Securing the Southern Flank ............................. 520
Seoul's Western Rampart ................................. 523
The 32d Infantry Enters Seoul ........................... 527
Battle of the Barricades ................................ 531
MacArthur Re-establishes Syngman Rhee in Seoul .......... 536
The Blocking Force South of Seoul ....................... 538
The X Corps Situation ................................... 540
XXVII. BREAKING THE CORDON ...................................... 542
The Eighth Army Plan .................................... 542
The Enemy Strength ...................................... 545
United Nations' Perimeter Strength ...................... 547
The 38th Infantry Crosses the Naktong ................... 548
The 5th Regimental Combat Team Captures Waegwan ......... 552
The 24th Division Deploys West of the Naktong ........... 554
The Indianhead Division Attacks West .................... 558
Encirclement Above Taegu ................................ 560
The Right Flank ......................................... 567
The Left Flank—The Enemy Withdraws From Sobuk-san ....... 568
XXVIII. PURSUIT AND EXPLOITATION ................................ 573
The 25th Division Crosses Southwest Korea ............... 574
The 2d Division Pushes West ............................. 579
Taejon Regained ......................................... 582
From Tabu-dong to Osan—Eighth Army Link-up With X Corps . 588
The ROK Army Arrives at the 38th Parallel ............... 598
The Invaders Expelled From South Korea .................. 600
XXIX. THE PLAN FOR COMPLETE VICTORY ............................. 607
MacArthur's Plan of Operations in North Korea ........... 609
Eighth Army Deploys for the Attack ...................... 612
The ROK I Corps Captures Wonsan and Hungnam ............. 614
The X Corps Prepares To Move Amphibiously to North-
east Korea ........................................... 618

XXX. EIGHTH ARMY AND X CORPS ENTER NORTH KOREA .................. 622
Eighth Army Crosses the Parallel—The Kumch'on Pocket .... 622
The X Corps Moves to Northeast Korea .................... 631
Mines at Wonsan Harbor .................................. 633
The X Corps Ashore ...................................... 635

XXXI. THE CAPTURE OF P'YONGYANG ................................. 638
The Logistical Situation ................................ 638
Sariwon Scramble ........................................ 640
Into P'yongyang ......................................... 646
Page xix

Chapter Page

XXXII. UP TO THE CH'ONGCH'ON .................................... 654
Airborne Attack: Sukch'on and Sunch'on .................. 654
The Enemy Blocking Force Destroyed ...................... 658
Death in the Evening .................................... 661
The Advance Continues ................................... 663

XXXIII. THE CHINESE INTERVENE ................................... 667
American Optimism at End of October ..................... 669
Continuation of the Pursuit ............................. 671
ROK Troops Reach the Yalu ............................... 672
Chinese Strike the ROK II Corps ......................... 673
Unsan—Prelude ........................................... 675
On the West Coastal Road ................................ 681
The X Corps' Changing Mission ........................... 684
The CCF Block Way to Changjin Reservoir ................. 686

XXXIV. UNSAN .................................................... 689
North of the Town ....................................... 691
Roadblock South of Town ................................. 696
Ordeal Near Camel's Head Bend ........................... 700

XXXV. EIGHTH ARMY HOLDS THE CH'ONGCH'ON BRIDGEHEAD .............. 709
Action North of the River ............................... 709
MIG's and Jets Over the Yalu ............................ 715

XXXVI. THE CHINESE APPRAISE THEIR FIRST PHASE KOREAN ACTION ..... 717

XXXVII. GUERRILLA WARFARE BEHIND THE FRONT ...................... 721

XXXVIII. THE X CORPS ADVANCES TO THE YALU ....................... 729
ROK I Corps Attacks up the Coastal Road ................. 729
U.S. 7th Infantry Division Reaches Manchurian Border .... 732
3d Infantry Division Joins X Corps ...................... 738
7th Marines Clear Road to Reservoir ..................... 741
The Gap Between Eighth Army and X Corps ................. 745
XXXIX. THE BIG QUESTION ......................................... 749
The Chinese Communist Forces ............................ 749
Eighth Army Estimate of CCF Intervention ................ 751
The X Corps Estimate .................................... 755
The Far East Command's and MacArthur's Estimates ........ 757
Actuality ............................................... 765
Conclusion .............................................. 769
The Pregnant Military Situation ......................... 770

Page xx

Chapter Page
SOURCES ......................................................... 777
GLOSSARY ........................................................ 779
BASIC MILITARY MAP SYMBOLS ...................................... 783

INDEX ........................................................... 785
· · · · · · (收起)

用户评价

当我看到《South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu》这个书名时，一股莫名的冲动涌上心头，想要去探索它背后隐藏的故事。这个名字本身就充满了画面感，它不仅仅是一个地理上的界定，更可能是一个叙事上的起点，暗示着一段跨越空间和时间的旅程。我开始想象，作者是否会讲述一段关于战争的恢弘史诗，抑或是一段关于民族命运的深刻反思。书名中的“南”与“北”的呼应，让我联想到在那个特定时期，可能存在着巨大的政治分歧和军事对峙，而这条连接线，或许就是那个时代最紧张、最关键的焦点。我会好奇作者如何描绘那些身处其中的人物，他们的抉择，他们的挣扎，他们的希望与绝望。我设想着，这本书可能会像一部电影一样，将历史的宏大背景与个体生命的细微之处巧妙地融合在一起，让读者在阅读的过程中，仿佛亲身经历了那个时代的种种挑战。

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《South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu》这个书名，光是念出来就带着一种历史的厚重感。它不像那些耸人听闻的标题，而是稳重而有力，仿佛蕴藏着无数不为人知的故事。我立刻想到的是那些需要深挖才能读懂的史诗，那些关于勇气、牺牲和坚韧的叙事。我揣测，这本书可能会聚焦于某场意义重大的战役，或者是某个关键的历史转折点，作者用“南”与“北”的连接，描绘了当时局势的复杂性和地理空间的广阔性。我可能会在书中看到英勇的士兵们在泥泞的战壕中奋斗，指挥官们在会议室里运筹帷幄，以及后方民众如何在战火纷飞中维持生计。这个书名也让我联想到，作者可能非常擅长将宏观的历史背景与微观的人物情感相结合，让读者在理解时代变迁的同时，也能感受到个体命运的跌宕起伏。我期待这本书能有扎实的史料支撑，但更重要的是，它能够触动人心，让我对那个时代的人物产生共情，去思考那些在历史洪流中的选择与代价。

“South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu”，仅仅是这个书名，就足以激起我对历史深处的好奇心。它似乎是一扇门，通往某个充满故事的时代。我脑海中浮现的，不是简单的地理坐标，而是一段充满戏剧张力的叙事。这个名字自带一种恢弘的气势，仿佛是在讲述一段关于国家、战争以及个体命运的宏大史诗。我会忍不住去想象，作者将如何描绘这条连接“南”与“北”的道路？这条路上，究竟发生了怎样惊心动魄的故事？是战火的洗礼，还是人性的考验？我期待，这本书能够提供一个多维度的视角，让我不仅仅是了解历史事件的脉络，更能感受到那个时代人们的情感，他们的选择，以及他们为之付出的代价。

一直以来，我对那些能够将宏大历史事件与个体命运交织在一起的作品抱有特别的兴趣。当我偶然瞥见《South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu》这个书名时，一股强烈的吸引力便油然而生。这个名字本身就充满了画面感和史诗感，它勾勒出了一幅广阔的地理画卷，同时也暗示着一段充满挑战与转折的旅程。我立刻联想到二战时期太平洋战场上那些艰苦卓绝的战役，或者冷战初期东西方阵营对峙的紧张局面。虽然我对这本书的具体内容尚未涉猎，但单凭书名所传达出的那种身临其境的氛围，就足以让我对作者如何描绘那个时代的波澜壮阔，以及普通人在历史洪流中的挣扎与求生充满了期待。我设想着，作者可能会深入挖掘那些鲜为人知的细节，通过生动的人物刻画，让我们感受到战争的残酷，人性的光辉，以及在绝境中迸发出的强大生命力。这本书或许能为我打开一扇通往那个遥远而又深刻的时代的窗口，让我得以窥见历史的真实肌理，并从中汲取力量与启示。我迫不及待地想要沉浸其中，去感受那种荡气回肠的情感，去理解那些在历史长河中留下的印记。

《South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu》这个书名，在我脑海中勾勒出一幅极具空间感和历史纵深感的画面。它不仅仅是两个地理名称的简单组合，更像是一个隐喻，暗示着一段充满挑战与变革的旅程。我立刻想到的是，这本书很可能聚焦于某个特定的历史时期，在朝鲜半岛这片土地上，发生着足以改变国家命运的重大事件。这个书名给我的感觉，是作者将要以一种宏观的视角，审视战争的进程，国家间的较量，以及在这背后，无数个体所经历的悲欢离合。我开始期待，作者是否会深入挖掘那些不为人知的细节，通过生动的人物塑造，展现那个时代人们的信仰、勇气和坚韧。

读到《South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu》这个书名，我的思绪瞬间被拉到了一个充满戏剧张力的场景。它不仅仅是一个地理坐标的连接，更像是一个叙事的起点，预示着一段波澜壮阔的征程。我脑海中浮现出的是一幅宏大的战争画卷，可能涉及某个特定时期，在朝鲜半岛这片土地上，战火如何蔓延，人民如何承受，国家命运又将何去何从。这个书名给我一种强烈的预感，作者必定是以极其细致的笔触，描绘了那个时代的历史细节，可能是战场的惨烈，政治的角力，或是普通人在夹缝中求生的艰难。我会好奇作者是否会深入探讨战略决策背后的考量，或是挖掘那些被历史尘埃掩埋的英雄故事。这个书名所蕴含的“南”与“北”的对比，也让我联想到意识形态的冲突，以及由此引发的人性抉择。它似乎在告诉我们，无论身处何种立场，战争带来的创伤都是普遍而深刻的。我希望这本书能够提供一个多维度的视角，让我不仅仅是了解到战争的进程，更能理解战争背后的原因，以及它对个体和民族命运产生的深远影响。

当我的目光落在《South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu》这个书名上时，一股探索的冲动便油然而生。它不仅仅是两个地理名称的堆砌，更像是一把钥匙，开启了通往一段充满历史重量和叙事张力的旅程。这个名字本身就有一种宏大的气魄，似乎在诉说着一段关于国家命运、战争进程以及个体如何在时代洪流中浮沉的故事。我开始想象，作者会如何描绘这条从“南”到“北”的道路？这条道路上，是否充满了硝烟与血泪，亦或是隐藏着不为人知的决策与牺牲？我迫切地想要知道，书中那些鲜活的人物是如何在这片土地上书写他们的传奇，或者承受他们的苦难。