巴比伦塔木德22本英语版附光碟The Babylonian Talmud: A Translation And Commentary (22-Volume Set with CD-ROM)

出版者:Routledge

作者:Jacob Neusner

页数:0

译者:Michael L. Rodkinson

出版时间:May 1998

价格:$5,400.00

isbn号码:9781565637078

具体描述

Book 1: Tract Sabbath

Book 2: Tracts Erubin, Shekalim, Rosh Hashana

Book 3: Tracts Pesachim, Yomah and Hagiga

Book 4: Tracts Betzh, Succah, Moed Katan, Taanith, Megilla and Ebel Rabbathi or Semahoth

Book 5: Tracts Aboth, Derech Eretz-Rabba, Derech Eretz-Zuta, and Baba Kama (First Gate)

Book 6: Tract Baba Kama (First Gate), Part II and Tract Baba Metzia (Middle Gate)

Book 7: Tract Baba Bathra (Last Gate)

Book 8: Tract Sanhedrin: Section Jurisprudence (Damages)

Book 9: Tracts Maccoth, Shebuoth, Eduyoth, Abuda Zara, and Horioth

Book 10: History of the Talmud

Book 1: Tract Sabbath

This book contains Tract Sabbath, which discusses what can and cannot be done on the Jewish Holy day. This tract has a wealth of information on everyday Jewish life in late Classical times, including, for some reason, a great number of medical recipies. Because almost everything is done differently on the Sabbath, this contains an incredible level of ethnographic detail about a wide range of household activities including livestock, clothing, meals, horticulture, hunting, and other more obscure topics, such as fire-fighting and feminine hygene.

Rodkinson makes the point in an appendix that many of the Talmundic regulations which seem to be arbitrary were developed as a response to political persecution. He also includes a prayer which is offered upon the conclusion of studying any tract.

Book 2: Tracts Erubin, Shekalim, Rosh Hashana

This book contains tracts from section Moed (Festivals). Tract Erubin deals with regulations concerning travel on the Sabbath, and the proper construction of "Erub", propitiatory offerings for transgressions of these rules, usually, but not always, constructed of food. Tract Shekalim deals with tithes. Tract Rosh Hashana discusses the Jewish New Year, a floating holiday tied to lunar observations.

Book 3: Tracts Pesachim, Yomah and Hagiga

This book also contains tracts from section Moed (Festivals), primarily discussions of the rituals to be performed on important holy days: principally Passover and the Day of Atonement. The short third tract, Hagiga, discusses the Holocaust ceremony, (meaning a burnt-offering), which today has come into use as a term for the Nazi genocide. Among other points of interest is description of the ritual of the scapegoat in Chapter VI. of Tract Yomah; and Chapter II. of Tract Hagiga has a notable digression on a variety of subjects, including the cryptic Chariot of God, and the names and characteristics of the seven heavens.

Book 4: Tracts Betzh, Succah, Moed Katan, Taanith, Megilla and Ebel Rabbathi or Semahoth

This rounds out the Festivals portion of Rodkinson"s Talmud translation. Tract Betzah details regulations about cooking, fishing, hunting and other activities on feast days. Tract Succah discusses the Festival of the Tabernacles, particularly the construction and use of the Succah, or booth. Moed Katan is about miscellaneous laws about some minor festivals, for instance activites which are permissible during intercalendary periods. Taanith has discussions about the beginning of the rains, including a sequence of folktales about rainmaking Rabbis. Megilla is about Purim, particularly about the public reading of the book of Esther during that festival. Ebel Rabbath is about mourning and other funerary activities.

Book 5: Tracts Aboth, Derech Eretz-Rabba, Derech Eretz-Zuta, and Baba Kama (First Gate)

This book starts out with three tracts on ethics, including the lucid and moving Pirqe Aboth (Sayings of the Fathers), (also available at sacred-texts in a translation by Taylor). This edition of Aboth comes with extensive commentary. The Baba Kama is the first section of a three-part opening arc of the Jurisprudence section. To the modern reader it is of interest because of the unintentional and (sometimes pungent) atmospheric details of everyday life in first century Israel. Many of the Baba Kama cases start when "an ox gores" someone or something; the modern equivalent would probably be automobile moving violations. The debates are notable because they are based equally on scripture and appeals to an emerging standard of common-sense justice and human rights.

Book 6: Tract Baba Kama (First Gate), Part II and Tract Baba Metzia (Middle Gate)

This book contains the conclusion of Baba Kama, the First Gate, and Baba Metzia, the Middle Gate. The second half of Baba Kama continues with cases involving stolen items. Baba Metzia continues with civil law, particularly cases involving damages: among the topics are found and loaned articles, real estate, loans, titles, what constitutes usury and fraud, and labor law. Many of the cases in Baba Metzia are extremely convoluted, more so than usual. There are a few scattered legends about the life and death of the principal authors of the Talmud, and some notable passages, mostly in Chapter IV.

Book 7: Tract Baba Bathra (Last Gate)

This, the third part of the "Gate" sequence of tracts, deals with issues of civil law regarding property, including real estate, moveable possessions, and inheritance, in the usual great detail. At times the discussion becomes so hypothetical that Rodkinson, thankfully, skips ahead a bit. Sandwiched in this very dry volume is one wild section of Haggada (at the end of Chapter V) which consists of some very tall tales about fish, alligators and nautical going-ons. Also, notably, this tract includes what has to be one of the first attempts to discuss where transgender people fit into the legal framework.

Book 8: Tract Sanhedrin: Section Jurisprudence (Damages)

The subject matter of Tract Sanhedrin is principally about crime and punishment. One of the most notable discussions in this book is the debate about the "stubborn and rebellious son" (Chapter VIII). The rabbis openly express scepticism that a son who disrespects his father in a particular way should be put to death. Out of this quibble over an obscure "worst case scenario" we see the emergence of a key principle of jurisprudence: the execution of divine law must be tempered by human mercy. This book also wanders far and wide, dispensing wisdom on such topics as the location of the lost tribes, what the windows on Noah"s ark were made of, and when the Messiah is due to arrive.

Book 9: Tracts Maccoth, Shebuoth, Eduyoth, Abuda Zara, and Horioth

This is the final book of the Rodkinson translation of the Talmud; it contains the remaining portions of the Jurisprudence section. Tract Maccoth deals with corporal punishment. Tract Shebuoth discusses oaths: what constitutes an oath, false oaths, and so on. Tract Eduyoth is a grab-bag of Mishna without commentary which give various cases related to other Talmud tracts. Tract Abuda Zara elaborates the Biblical commandment not to worship idols; it is of historical interest because of the tangential information about what the idolators (i.e. ancient Pagans) did or did not do. Tract Horioth is another short tract which discusses a number of very technical issues, including the hierarchy of dogs, cats and mice.

Book 10: History of the Talmud

This is the introduction to Rodkinsons" translation. A history of the Talmud, starting with its five hundred years of composition from the first to fifth centuries C.E., and its bitter persecution from antiquity, through the Reformation up to the 19th Century. Includes biographies of the dozens of authors who wrote the Talmud, and a detailed bibliography through 1900.

在希伯来语中，“塔木德”（Talmud）的意思是“伟大的研究”，这是一部犹太人作为生活规范的重要书籍。

公元前586年，犹太王国被灭之后，大批犹太人被沦为“巴比伦囚虏”。这样，巴比伦逐渐发展为犹太人最主要的文化和精神中心，集中了许多有影响的犹太贤哲和宗教研究人员，形成了一个享有很高威望和领导地位的学者阶层。他们以维护犹太教传统及犹太精神价值为己任，潜心研究神学，著书立说，在公元2世纪至6世纪之间编纂了犹太教口传律法集，即《巴比伦塔木德》和《巴勒斯坦塔木德》，统称《塔木德》，形成了塔木德文化。由于《巴比伦塔木德》编纂于《巴勒斯坦塔木德》之后，经精通摩西律法的拉比们的研究，更主要是犹太实际生活中的实践，所以其律法权威性远远超过《巴勒斯坦塔木德》。一般意义上的《塔木德》指的就是《巴比伦塔木德》。《巴比伦塔木德》全书约40卷，分为6部：一为农事、二为节日、三为妇女、四为损害、五为神圣之事、六为洁净与不洁，共250万字，全部用希伯来文写就。这部巨著不仅是一部注释《圣经》律法部分的权威经典，而且是一部丰富多彩的文学作品。其内容除宗教训诫和道德说教外，还包括大量的神话故事、历史传说、民间习俗，乃至天文地理、医学算术及植

物学知识。它不是史书或百科全书，却包罗万象，成为犹太智慧的源泉。整部作品通俗易懂，睿智隽永，成为犹太人行为处世的指南，同时也对处于流散状态的犹太人维护民族统一性、加强凝聚力起到无比重大的作用。对没有自己的祖国并流

离失所的犹太人来说，《圣经》和《塔木德》就是祖国。孩子们从父母那里接受关于戒律和生活习俗的教育，并在犹太教会中接受拉比（犹太教教士）的教导。这样，在成长的过程中，他们就会强烈地意识到自己是犹太人。

作者简介

Translated by Michael L. Rodkinson

[1918]

用户评价

作为一个对古代近东文明比较感兴趣的业余历史爱好者，我购买这套书时最大的顾虑是：翻译会不会过度“现代化”而失去了原汁原味？毕竟，塔木德的语境是如此特殊。然而，这套译本的作者们显然深谙“忠实”与“可读性”之间的平衡之道。他们采用了非常严谨的学术规范来保证文本的准确性，同时又在注释中不断地提醒读者，某些亚兰语句子的多重含义，或者某个拉比的观点是属于特定学派的。让我印象深刻的是，在处理那些涉及神学思辨和宇宙论的部分时，译者并没有试图用现代科学或哲学概念去套用，而是努力在现有的历史框架内解释，保持了一种恰当的距离感。光盘的价值在于其交叉引用系统的强大，它让我能够迅速追踪某个特定主题在不同卷册中的讨论是如何演变的，这对于理解塔木德的整体结构至关重要。总而言之，这是一套极其严谨的学术工程，虽然阅读需要投入大量的时间和心力，但其回报绝对是成正比的。

这套《巴比伦塔木德》的英译本，老实说，是我近年来遇到的学术资源中最令人振奋的一套。我是在研究古代犹太法制史时偶然发现它的，当时急需一个权威且易于查阅的译本。光是这22卷的实体书摆在那里，就给人一种无形的重量感和历史的厚重感，仿佛捧着的是数千年智慧的结晶。翻译的质量，尤其是其注释的详尽程度，简直是令人惊叹的。他们不仅仅是将古希伯来语和亚兰语的文本直译过来，更重要的是，在那些晦涩难懂的拉比辩论和逻辑推演的后方，提供了极其细致的背景解释和术语界定。对于一个非母语的学者来说，没有这样的工具书辅助，想要真正深入理解塔木德的精髓几乎是不可能的任务。我尤其欣赏的是，译者团队在处理那些充满矛盾和多重解释的段落时，没有采取一言堂式的断言，而是将不同的观点并列呈现，让读者自己去体悟那种“在争论中寻求真理”的独特思维方式。这套书不仅仅是阅读材料，更像是一把开启理解犹太精神世界的钥匙。那种将复杂的法律条文与日常伦理完美结合的叙事结构，每一次阅读都能带来新的启发，让人对人类文明的早期法律构建体系产生更深的敬意。

说实话，我入手这套精装本纯粹是为了收藏和偶尔的“查漏补缺”。我的图书馆里已经有其他几个法文和德文的译本，但这个22卷的英译本，其注释的连贯性和覆盖面是独树一帜的。我特别关注的是其中关于商业伦理和婚姻法的部分。塔木德的魅力在于它对生活细节的关注，这些在现代社会看来微不足道的“芝麻绿豆”的小事，却被赋予了神圣的律法地位。这套译本在这方面的处理就显得尤为精到。它不是冰冷的法律条文堆砌，而是通过翻译和注释，还原了当时社会互动的真实场景。想象一下，两千年前的商人如何在法庭上辩论一份不完善的合同条款，那种古老的商业智慧和对公平的执着，通过这些清晰的英文表达重新鲜活起来。我最喜欢它的一点是，它尽可能保留了原文本中的口语化色彩和辩论的张力，没有让其沦为一篇枯燥的学术论文集。每一次翻阅，都像是在参与一场跨越时空的辩论赛，令人精神为之一振。

我购买这个套装（22本加上光盘）主要是为了方便我的研究小组使用，因为我们需要多人同时参考，实体书的优势便体现出来了——大家可以围绕着不同的卷册同时展开讨论，不必互相等待。这套书的纸张质量和装订都非常扎实，即便是频繁翻阅和做笔记，看起来也不会轻易损坏，这是对如此厚重文本的一种基本尊重。就翻译风格而言，我发现它在处理那些诙谐幽默、甚至是充满讽刺意味的段落时，处理得相当到位，没有让英译本读起来像一本乏味的法律教科书。塔木德的精妙之处在于其对人性的洞察，对失败、妥协和智慧的微妙拿捏，而这套译本成功地将这种微妙性传递了出来。阅读它更像是在聆听一群伟大先哲们在咖啡馆里（如果他们有咖啡馆的话）激烈争论的场景，而不是在背诵古代的律法。对于任何严肃对待犹太思想史或比较法学的研究者来说，这套书都是一个无法绕开的基石，它的存在本身就是学术界的一大幸事。

我买这套书完全是出于一种近乎朝圣般的好奇心，想看看这部被誉为犹太文明核心的文本到底是如何运作的。坦白讲，初次翻阅时，我感到了巨大的挫败感，那些密集的段落、旁征博引的案例，以及时不时冒出来的拉丁文或希腊文词汇，都像是高墙一样矗立在我的面前。然而，这套特定的英译本——《The Babylonian Talmud: A Translation And Commentary》——的价值就在于它如何巧妙地拆解了这些高墙。它的排版设计非常人性化，主文本、拉比的原始评论、以及现代译者的注解被清晰地区隔开来，这使得我可以先尝试理解核心论点，然后再深入探究注解提供的历史语境。更别提那张附带的光盘了，虽然我主要依赖实体书，但在查阅特定主题的交叉引用时，光盘提供的索引和检索功能确实节省了我大量的体力劳动。对于那些想要对犹太教义有一个全景式了解的非专业人士来说，这套书的入口难度虽然不低，但只要坚持下去，你将收获的知识深度是任何单行本或概览书都无法比拟的。它要求你慢下来，像古代的学者一样，与文本进行一场漫长的、充满耐心的对话。