In the course of his travels from a cozily appointed little home in Bag-End to the dark and smoky lair of Smaug the dragon, the hobbit Bilbo Baggins comes upon not only dwarves, elves, goblins, and giant spiders but a wiser, better self. His journey, like those of the heroes in the long tradition of quest stories preceding The Hobbit, marks his passage from fearfulness to bravery, from self- indulgence to self-reliance, from ignorance to knowledge, from a kind of prolonged adolescence to responsible adulthood. William H. Green’s finely crafted study places The Hobbit in the company of such quest narratives as Beowulf, The Odyssey, Don Quixote, and Tom Jones. Giving J. R. R. Tolkien’s fantasy tale for children the serious scholarly attention often reserved for works intended for adults, Green shows how Tolkien adapted the structure and dramatic force of the mythic quest to a modern literary form. Underlying Tolkien’s tall tale of an unlikely hero drawn into a fantastic series of adventures is a complex exploration of the nature of the human journey into maturity and of the power of myth to both elucidate and validate that journey. Tolkien shared with psychoanalyst C. G. Jung an abiding belief in the healing power of myth. Green draws on Jung’s theories of "archetypes" - symbolic patterns of thought and behavior expressed repeatedly in dreams, stories, and picturesto illuminate the psychological implications of Tolkien’s work. Especially relevant to the story of Bilbo is Jung’s view of the dragon-slaying hero as a symbol of increasing consciousness and individuation - that is, the journey into maturity. Rich in literary and linguistic allusion - the result of the Oxford scholar Tolkien’s encyclopedic knowledge of medieval myth and language - The Hobbit reflects its author’s desire to address sophisticated themes in a form - the fantasy - derided by the literary critics of his day. Tolkien thus cloaked his love of what he called "fairy-stories" in a book for children, with an archetypical hero in the guise of a humble hobbit, and in the process created a masterpiece of fiction. William Green has written a well-informed and appreciative guide for the reader interested in accompanying Bilbo on his mythic quest

Contents

Chronology: J. R. R. Tolkien’s Life and Works

Literary and Historical Context. 1. Historical Context. 2. The Importance of the Work. 3. Critical Reception. 4. A Theory of Fairy Stories. 5. A Psychology of Dragon Slayers

A Reading. 6. An Adventure of Self-Discovery. 7. Into the Lone-Lands. 8. Bilbo’s Adventures in Wilderland. 9. The Trek Through Mirkwood. 10. Dragons Within and Without. 11. Languages of Naming

Appendix: Approaches to Teaching