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发表于2024-11-17

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出版者:Oxford University Press, USA

作者:Alvin I. Goldman

出品人:

页数:376

译者:

出版时间:2006-06-08

价格:USD 35.00

装帧:Hardcover

isbn号码:9780195138924

丛书系列:

图书标签: 社会认知心灵哲学哲学原著

Simulating Minds 2024 pdf epub mobi 电子书图书描述

People are minded creatures; we have thoughts, feelings and emotions. More intriguingly, we grasp our own mental states, and conduct the business of ascribing them to ourselves and others without instruction in formal psychology. How do we do this? And what are the dimensions of our grasp of the mental realm? In this book, Alvin I. Goldman explores these questions with the tools of philosophy, developmental psychology, social psychology and cognitive neuroscience. He refines an approach called simulation theory, which starts from the familiar idea that we understand others by putting ourselves in their mental shoes. Can this intuitive idea be rendered precise in a philosophically respectable manner, without allowing simulation to collapse into theorizing? Given a suitable definition, do empirical results support the notion that minds literally create (or attempt to create) surrogates of other peoples mental states in the process of mindreading? Goldman amasses a surprising array of evidence from psychology and neuroscience that supports this hypothesis.

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Goldman的模仿说的理论动机是对民间心理学（folk psychology）中过度理论化、形式化倾向的不满。他认为，对别人心理状态的理解很少涉及对任何明确规则或心理学理论的有意识的运用，因而戴维森的命题态度和丹尼特的意向立场理论都是不自然的。他转而诉诸人们在交往中的模仿倾向，即“假定自己站在别人立场”去思考的能力，以及从这种成就中适当外推的可能性。这样一来，他就将理解别人的难题推延为对自己的把握的难题；又因为他并没有什么更好的理论资源来说明对自己的把握，他只好说自我把握是天赋的，能够模仿是基于心理结构上的相似性。虽然这样的选择说不上多么明智，但至少他将对心灵的理解中不可还原的解释者的层面凸显出来，于是任何人都不能置身事外地谈论心灵，而是必须考虑的谈论心灵的乃是另一个有着很大相似性的心灵。

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