Ambient Intelligence, an emerging paradigm in the development of information and communication technology, has attracted much attention in recent years. The aim of AmI is to seamlessly integrate technology into people's environment in ways that improve their daily lives in terms of well-being, creativity, and productivity. Ambient Intelligence is a multidisciplinary concept that fully leverages a number of fundamental breakthroughs achieved in the development of new hardware concepts during the past several years. Recent advances in nano and micro electronics, packaging and interconnection technology, large-area electronics, energy scavenging devices, wireless sensors, low power electronics and computing platforms enable realization of the marvels of Ambient Intelligence by overcoming myriad physical challenges. Featuring contributions from leading technical experts, this book presents a number of key topics in hardware innovation, thus providing the reader with critical insight into the physical basis of Ambient Intelligence as well as the key challenges that lie ahead.