List of illustrations ix
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction: Chinese Catholic identities in the modern period 1
Part 1 Images of Mary in China before 1842
1. Chinese Christian art during the pre-modern period 15
Katerina Ilioni of Yangzhou 21
Madonna and Guanyin 24
Marian images during the late Ming dynasty 31
The Madonna in Master Cheng’s Ink Garden 37
Marian sodalities 40
João da Rocha and the rosary 42
Part 2 The Chinese Catholic Church since 1842
2. Aer the treaties 51
French Marian devotions 57
The effects of the Chinese Rites Controversy 60
A sense of cultural superiority 69
The inuence of Marian events in Europe 74
3. Our Lady of Donglu 83
Visual inuences on the Donglu portrait 89
Photographs of Cixi 95
Liu Bizhen’s painting 100
4. The rise and fall of the French protectorate 111
Benedict XV and Maximum Illud 118
Shanghai Plenary Council, 1924 125
Synodal Commission 132
Part 3 Images of Mary in the early twentieth century
5. The Furen art department 143
The creation of the Catholic University of Peking 149
The emergence of Chinese Christian art 152
Celso Costantini and Luke Chen Yuandu 162
6. The Chinese dimension to the Furen Christian art 175
Art as a catechetical tool 184
Marian paintings 189
Sheshan Shengmu 191
Conclusion 195
Notes 201
Bibliography 249
Index 265
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