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Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire, had a dream in which a tree sprouted from his navel. As the tree grew, its shade covered the earth; as Osman’s empire grew, it, too, covered the earth. This is the most widely accepted foundation myth of the longest-lasting empire in the history of Islam, and offers a telling clue to its unique legacy. Underlying every aspect of the Ottoman Empire’s epic history—from its founding around 1300 to its end in the twentieth century—is its successful management of natural resources. Under Osman’s Tree analyzes this rich environmental history to understand the most remarkable qualities of the Ottoman Empire—its longevity, politics, economy, and society.

The early modern Middle East was the world’s most crucial zone of connection and interaction. Accordingly, the Ottoman Empire’s many varied environments affected and were affected by global trade, climate, and disease. From down in the mud of Egypt’s canals to up in the treetops of Anatolia, Alan Mikhail tackles major aspects of the Middle East’s environmental history: natural resource management, climate, human and animal labor, energy, water control, disease, and politics. He also points to some of the ways in which the region’s dominant religious tradition, Islam, has understood and related to the natural world. Marrying environmental and Ottoman history, Under Osman’s Tree offers a bold new interpretation of the past five hundred years of Middle Eastern history.

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出版者:University Of Chicago Press

作者:Alan Mikhail

出品人:

頁數:336

譯者:

出版時間:2017-3-13

價格:USD 45.00

裝幀:Hardcover

isbn號碼:9780226427171

叢書系列:

圖書標籤: 環境史曆史奧斯曼帝國景觀 Mikhail 翻過 Ottomans Islam

Under Osman's Tree 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書下載

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以埃及為中心的奧斯曼帝國環境史：包括水利、農村勞力、動物（能源）、疾病、氣候。很大程度上是他以往研究議題的歸納和再擴展。。”作為生態係統的帝國“，在最近的清帝國環境史也有體現。。相對來說，中國環境史的發展似乎要比中東環境史要更深入一些。。。話說，清帝國的哪個地區跟奧斯曼帝國的埃及相似？江南？有沒有人在做這種比較研究？

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這書的論證鏈條非常有意思，先不露結論，上來先辱魏特夫的東方治水專製論，指齣前現代埃及的水利工程是相當本地化的。僅僅是到18世紀中期，隨著埃及的權力，財富和土地嚮少數精英集中，這些精英纔開始加強對農民的人身控製，並強製農民修建那些並不服務於本地利益的大型水利工程。那麼，這種集中是如何發生的呢？作者認為這是因為災害和瘟疫導緻的牲畜的數量減少和集中，使得大量農民失去瞭其最重要的資産，以及瘟疫造成的土地空置，使得少數精英得以對農民取得絕對優勢。而這些自然災害和瘟疫，則是由1783年冰島的一場火山爆發所導緻的氣候異常所推動的。也就是說，一場火山噴發，推動瞭埃及政治和社會大變動，也加強瞭埃及對奧斯曼的離心傾嚮。雖然這個因果鏈條很長，但這本書的論證還是挺嚴密的，並無迫真之感。

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Under Osman's Tree 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書下載