Adversity, Stress and Psychopathology

出版者:Oxford Univ Pr

作者:Dohrenwend, Bruce P. 编

页数:584

出版时间:1998-7

价格:$ 111.31

装帧:HRD

isbn号码:9780195121926

具体描述

"Adversity" involves exposure to unpropitious or calamitous circumstances. It occurs in extreme situations such as prolonged combat or natural disasters, both of which affect whole groups or communities of people simultaneously. It is found as well in more individually targeted events such as child abuse, bereavement, rape, physical illness, marital separation or divorce, unemployment, and homelessness. Exposure to adversity is not randomly distributed in society. It varies, for example, with gender, ethnic or racial background, and socioeconomic status. And some types of adversity can be precipitated by an individual's own actions. In this volume, the leading investigators review research on the nature of adversity and its relationship to major types of psychopathology including schizophrenia, depression, alcoholism and other substance-use disorders, antisocial personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and nonspecific distress. These relationships are examined in terms of theoretical concepts of life stress that describe the characteristics of the ongoing situation in which adverse events occur and the factors of personality and coping ability that also affect psychiatric outcomes. The authors sift through firm and infirm findings and critically evaluate existing theory and research strategies and provide and integrative theoretical framework. No other book offers as comprehensive and authoritative a discussion of the role of psychosocial stress in causing mental disorders.

作者简介

Bruce P. Dohrenwend, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychiatry and Public Health at Columbia University.

目录信息

Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Introduction
Part I: Extreme Situations
Morton Beiser: Introduction
1: Itzhak Levav: Individuals Under Conditions of Maximum Adversity: The Holocaust
2: Richard F. Mollica, Charles Poole, Svang Tor: Symptoms, Functioning and Health Problems in a Massively Traumatized Population: The Legacy of the Cambodian Tragedy
3: Terence M. Keane: Psychological Effects of Military Combat
4: Robert Giel: Natural and Human-made Disasters
Part II: Individual Events
William W. Eaton and Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Introduction
5: Cathy Spatz Widon: Childhood Victimization: Early Adversity and Subsequent Psychopathology
6: Paul J. Clayton: Model of Stress: The Bereavement Reaction
7: Stanislav B. Kasl, Eunice Rodriguez, Kathryn E. Lasch: The Impact of Unemployment on Health and Well-being
8: Daniel B. Herman, Ezra S. Susser, Elmer L. Struening: Homelessness, Stress and Psychopathology
9: Suzanne C. Ouellette: The Value and Limitations of Stress Models in HIV/AIDS
10: Dean G. Kilpatrick, Heidi S. Resnick, Benjamin E. Saunders, Connie L. Best: Rape, Other Violence Against Women, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
11: Mary Amanda Dew: Psychiatric Disorder in the Context of Physical Illness
12: Martha L. Bruce: Divorce and Psychopathology
Part III: Epidemiologic Studies
Evelyn Bromet and Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Introduction
13: Robert Kohn, Bruce P. Dohrenwend, Jerrold Mirotznik: Psychiatric Disorders in the General Population
14: Bruce P. Dohrenwend, Itzhak Levav, Patrick E. Shrout, Sharon Schwartz, Guedalia Naveh, Bruce G. Link, Andrew E. Skodol, and Anne Stuece: Ethnic Status, Socioeconomic Status, and Psychiatric Disorders: the Social Causation-Social Selection Issue
15: Naomi Breslau, Glenn Davis, Patricia Andreski, Belle Federman, James C. Anthony: PTSD and Comorbid Disorders in the General Population
16: Lee M. Robins: Exposure to "Fateful" Events: A Confounder in Assigning Causal Roles to Life Events
17: Ann Stueve, Bruce P. Dohrenwend, Andrew E. Skodol: Stressful Life Events and Episodes of Major Depression and Non-Affective Psychotic Disorders
18: George W. Brown: Loss and Depressive Disorders
Part IV: Stress Moderating and Amplifying Factors
David Mechanic: Introduction
19: Andrew E. Skodol: Personality and Coping As Stress Attentuating or Amplifying Factorss
20: A.S. Henderson: Social Support: Its Prsent Significance for Psychiatric Epidemiology
21: Bruce G. Link, Mary Clare Lennon, Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Some Characteristics of Occupations as Risk or Productive Factors
22: Mary Clare Lennon: Domestic Arrangements and Depressive Symptoms: An Examination of Housework Conditions
Part V: Complementary Approaches
Robert M. Rose: Introduction
23: Patrick E. Shrout, Bruce G. Link: Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Stress and Adversity
24: Gary W. Kraemer, Jocelyne Bachevalier: Cognitive Changes Associated with Persisting Behavioral Effects of Early Psychosocial Stress in Rhesus Monkeys: The View From Psychobiology
25: EWllen Frank, Jordan Karp: Physiological Correlates of Stress, Adversity, and Psychopathology
26: Kenneth S. Kendler: Adversity, Stress and Psychopathology: A Psychiatric Genetic Perspective
27: Sheppard G. Kellam, Lawrence S. Mayer, George W. Rebok, Wesley E. Hawkins: Effects of Improving Achievement on Aggressive Behavior and of Improving Aggressive Behavior on Achievement Through Two Preventive Interventions: An Investigation of Causal Paths
28: Bruce P. Dohrenwend: A Perspective on Adversity, Stress and Psychopathology
Part VI: Overview and Integration
Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Introduction
29: Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Overview of Evidence for the Importance of Adverse Environmental Conditions
30: Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Theoretical Integration
· · · · · · (收起)

用户评价

我必须坦诚，这本书的某些章节在信息密度上达到了惊人的程度，初读时需要极高的专注力。作者似乎没有丝毫保留地将自己多年积累的实证研究和前沿理论倾注其中，尤其是在探讨生物化学反应与心理病理发展相互作用的篇幅中，充斥着大量精确的术语和复杂的数据模型。这对于希望深入探究心理应激机制底层逻辑的读者来说，无疑是金矿，但对于初涉此领域的爱好者来说，可能会感到一定的门槛。不过，正是这种不妥协的学术严谨性，赋予了全书极高的参考价值。我尤其对其中关于“复原力”（Resilience）构建机制的批判性分析印象深刻。它没有简单地将复原力视为一种天赋或运气，而是将其解构为一系列可学习、可培养的认知策略和社会支持系统。作者通过交叉引用神经科学、社会学和临床心理学的多学科视角，提供了一个多维度的理解框架，这远超出了我之前接触的任何单一学科的论述。尽管需要时常停下来查阅背景知识，但这种“挣扎”最终带来的知识深度，绝对是值得的。

从实际应用的角度来看，这本书的指导性远远超出了纯粹的学术探讨范畴。我最欣赏的是，作者在阐述完病理机制后，会紧接着探讨“如何干预”以及“如何预防”。书中关于压力管理技巧的描述，并非那些流于表面的“深呼吸”建议，而是基于坚实认知科学基础的、可操作的干预步骤。例如，关于情绪调节的章节，详细介绍了“认知重评”的具体训练方法，并提供了相应的练习模板。这种从“是什么”到“怎么办”的无缝衔接，使得这本书既是研究者的工具书，也是临床工作者和关注自身心理健康个体的实用指南。它赋予了读者一种赋权感，即理解压力机制并非是为了让自己感到无助，而是为了更好地掌握主动权，去设计和实施更有效的自我照护策略。这本书真正做到了将晦涩的学术知识转化为可实践的智慧，是一部既能提升专业认知又能指导个人生活的重量级作品。

我注意到这本书在理论建构上极其注重历史脉络的梳理，这对于理解当代心理学流派的演变至关重要。作者并没有将当前的知识视为凭空出现，而是细致地追溯了历代思想家对“苦难”与“精神疾病”关系的不同理解，从早期的弗洛伊德精神分析视角，到后来的认知行为疗法（CBT）的兴起，再到新兴的积极心理学思潮，每一个重要转折点都被清晰地标示出来，并分析了其背后的社会文化动因。这种宏大的历史视野，让读者得以跳脱出单一理论的局限性，形成一种更具批判性的思维模式。阅读这种具有时代穿透力的著作，让人深刻体会到科学知识的迭代和修正过程的艰辛与必要。尤其是在讨论创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的治疗进展时，作者对不同时代干预措施有效性的对比分析，简直是教科书级别的示范，它告诉我们，好的理论必须能够随着实证数据的积累而不断自我完善。

这本书的叙事节奏处理得非常巧妙，它避免了许多专业书籍常见的那种平铺直叙的沉闷感。在引入新的理论模型之前，作者总会先设置一个引人入胜的“钩子”，通常是一个关于人类在极端环境下适应或崩溃的简短情景描述，这极大地激发了我的好奇心，让我迫不及待地想知道背后的科学解释。比如，书中对“习得性无助”的讨论，不是简单地引用经典实验，而是将其置于现代社会高压工作环境的背景下进行重新审视，这种时效性和关联性让人感觉这本书是为当下而写的。再者，作者在总结部分的处理非常得体，每一章的末尾都提供了一份详尽的“关键概念回顾”清单，这对于需要快速巩固学习重点的读者来说是极大的便利。这种体贴入微的设计，体现了作者对读者学习体验的深刻理解。我甚至发现，自己开始不自觉地用书中的术语来分析日常生活中的人际互动和个人情绪波动，说明书中的内容已经开始内化并影响到我的日常认知模式。

这本书的装帧设计非常引人注目，封面采用了深沉的靛蓝色，配以简洁有力的白色和少许亮橙色的字体，给人一种既专业又富有洞察力的感觉。初次翻开，我就被它流畅的行文和严谨的结构所吸引。作者显然花费了大量精力去构建一个清晰的逻辑框架，将心理学理论与现实世界中的压力源紧密地联系起来。我特别欣赏它在概念阐述上的细致入微，比如对“慢性压力”和“急性应激反应”之间微妙差异的探讨，清晰地划分了不同压力类型对心理健康影响的路径。阅读过程中，我感觉自己仿佛正在跟随一位经验丰富的心理学家进行深度访谈，他不仅展示了丰富的学术知识，还穿插了许多发人深省的案例分析，这些案例并非空泛的理论例证，而是贴近生活的、具有普遍参考价值的场景重现。尽管主题严肃，但作者的写作风格却保持了一种令人信服的客观性，避免了过度煽情或过于冰冷的学术腔调，成功地在学术深度和可读性之间找到了绝佳的平衡点。这本书的排版也很人性化，页边距适中，字体大小舒适，即便是长时间阅读，眼睛也不会感到疲劳。总体来说，这是一本让人愿意反复研读、并在其中不断发现新视角的学术佳作。