FORE WORD<br > THE halhnark of the period since World War II has been drasnc<br > change in the domestic order and international position of countries<br > all over the world. Ii1 the vast regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin<br > America this period has seen the birth of some fifty new nations and<br > the beginning of an epic drive to modernize traditional societies.<br > But the mature societies of Vestern Europe, hmg at the hub of<br > international affairs, have also felt the impact of radical change. In<br > !css than two decades Europe has gone through a cycle from the<br > V~stwar stagnation to the current dynamism. Diverse pressures have<br > bccn reshaping societies, economies, and external relations. The na-<br > tions of Vcstern Europe have rapidly adapted to the conditions of<br > the postwar world and are on the road to the creation of a Euro-<br >: pcan C(nnmt nltv. These domestic and external changes are as<br > s~ecpm~ ,, as anything happening in the emerging continents of<br > Asia and Africa.<br > The study of change in Western Europe, as in the developing<br > countries, has been a part of the research prograln of the Harvard<br > (]enter for International Affairs since its inception. It was early<br > realized that a penetrating analysis of the interacting changes af-<br > fecting Europe would require the pooling of the knowledge and in-<br > sights of experts in domestic politics and foreign relations, econo-<br > n~ists, social historians, and sociologists. It was also fclt that one<br > fruitful approach, though not the (rely one, would be to analyze<br > the experience (,f individual countries. The choice of France for<br > the first such study was prompted by the presence in the Cambridge<br > area of a number of well qualified specialists from different disci-<br > plines who were eager to undertake it together. Each, in the course<br > (~f his (m n work, had come to feel the nccd for a reappraisal of<br > ~.{ ! 1. ?,<br > the changing French situation. All recognized that shocks from<br > outside France~the war, the defeat of x94o, the occupation and<br > liberation~had shaken the foundations of pre-~939 France and<br > had released forces pent-up for some years. But many questions re-<br > vii<br >
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