<div>EDITOR'S FOREWORD</div>
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<div> THE ENORMOUS GROWTH of scientific research and activity</div>
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<div> since World War II has included psychology as one of the</div>
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<div> recognized life sciences. Psychology now makes no small con-</div>
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<div> tribution to the rapid change in Western culture and civi-</div>
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<div> lization, a contribution that consists of a stream of new</div>
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<div> discoveries. There is also to be remembered, however, psy-</div>
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<div> ehology's contribution to its own maintenance. That lies in</div>
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<div> teaching, for every academic generation must train the next.</div>
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<div> The roots of psychology must grow if the branches are to</div>
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<div> spread and the seeds of new growth germinate in the class-</div>
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<div> room. Research would ultimately exhaust itself were adequate</div>
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<div> prior training of the scientists deficient. That fact is now well</div>
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<div> recognized in principle, if not always in practice.</div>
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<div> These short books are designed, in the first place, to make</div>
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<div>instruction easier. The ablest instructor is inevitably an indi-</div>
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<div>vidualist. He is never content to design his course to fit the</div>
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<div>idiosyncrasies of the other able man who wrote his textbook.</div>
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<div>A single text, moreover, seldom contains enough material to</div>
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<div>constitute all the reading a student needs. The instructor will</div>
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<div>wish to supplement his text and lectures and to have freedom</div>
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<div>in choosing what he shall add. The availability of many small</div>
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<div>books packed with solid reading enables the instructor to</div>
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<div>choose what he wants and makes their purchase by the student</div>
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<div>practicable.</div>
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<div> The other use of these books is to satisfy the intellectual</div>
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<div>curiosity of intelligent laymen. They are not so technical</div>
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<div>that professional men and thinking women who are keep-<br />
<div> ing an eye on the advance of civilization cannot use them</div>
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<div> to understand what the psychologists think and know. The</div>
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<div> philosopher, the historian, the lawyer, the physician, and the</div>
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<div> modern mother of grown children can surely employ these</div>
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<div> books in keeping up with the scientific times.</div>
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<div> Since World War II, psychology has been expanding in</div>
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<div> many directions, forming connections with social science, on</div>
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<div> the one side, and with biological and physical science, on the</div>
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<div> other. It has thus been said to be both "sociotropic" and</div>
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<div>"biotropic" as it turns now toward social science, now toward</div>
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<div>biological science. Scientific biology is older than scientific</div>
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<div>sociology, and thus biotropic psychology is older than so-</div>
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<div>ciotropic. As a consequence of its youth, scientific social psy-</div>
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<div>chology is at present less sure of itself than is physiological</div>
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<div>psychology or psychophysics, and for that reason Basic Topics</div>
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<div>in Social Psychology tend to stress the way in which facts are</div>
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<div>a function of method, to discuss how the facts were obtained,</div>
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<div>and sometimes to present contradictory findings. Such contra-</div>
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<div>dictions are no fault of the author, but rather that of the</div>
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<div>youthfulness of this science. With social psychology still wait-</div>
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<div>ing on maturity, these books give their readers an insight into</div>
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<div>a science that is still growing up.</div>
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<div> Edwin G. Boring</div>
</div>
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这部作品无疑在儿童心理学领域投下了一颗重磅炸弹,尽管我此刻无法回忆起书中对“动机”和“价值观”发展的具体论述细节,但我能清晰地感受到它为理解童年心智构建所提供的独特视角。它似乎超越了传统行为主义的简单刺激-反应模型,更深入地挖掘了儿童内心世界的复杂动力学。阅读过程中,我仿佛被引导进入一个微观的、不断自我重组的心理剧场,观察着那些无形的驱动力如何塑造一个小小生命体的世界观和行为模式。那种深刻的洞察力,使得那些原本模糊不清的育儿难题,突然间有了一个理论框架可以去审视和理解。它不提供现成的“食谱”,而是赋予读者一种“透视镜”,去观察孩子行为背后的深层逻辑。这种理论上的厚重感,让我想起了一些经典心理学著作的韵味,即便是对具体案例的描述,也充满了严谨的学术气质和对人性本质的关怀。对于任何一个致力于深入理解儿童心智的成年人来说,这本书都像是打开了一扇通往更深层次理解的大门,其价值难以估量,尽管具体的章节内容此刻我已无法复述,但那种被启迪的感觉至今仍留存心间。
评分这本书给我的整体印象是极其扎实且富有穿透力的,它不像市面上那些轻浮的育儿指南,更像是一份沉甸甸的学术探险报告。作者显然投入了巨大的精力去追踪和梳理儿童在不同发展阶段中,其内在驱动力的演变轨迹。我记得当时阅读时,那种对“为什么”的执着探究深深地吸引了我,它迫使我反思自己对“好孩子”的固有定义,以及这些定义是如何不自觉地投射到孩子身上的。它提醒我们,动机的培养远非简单的奖惩制度可以完成,它植根于更早期的情感联结和环境互动之中。这种对“内在秩序”的强调,让我在合上书本后,对待孩子的每一次任性或突发奇想,都能多一分耐心和几分敬意。虽然书中的理论推导过程略显繁复,需要读者投入相当的专注力去跟进,但一旦跨越了那些学术的门槛,所收获的理解是颠覆性的。它不是关于“如何做”,而是关于“是什么”,这种哲学层面的探讨,才是一个真正有生命力的理论所应具备的特质。
评分这本书的篇幅或许不薄,但其信息密度却高得惊人,读起来需要不断地停下来做笔记和反思。它没有使用太多花哨的语言来粉饰复杂的概念,而是用一种近乎冷静的科学笔触,勾勒出儿童心智从原始冲动向复杂社会人转变的宏伟蓝图。我记得书中对“自我效能感”与“价值观内化”之间复杂关系的探讨,那种相互渗透、相互塑造的过程,被描绘得极为生动且富有层次感。它让你意识到,一个看似简单的“说谎”行为背后,可能隐藏着孩子对道德边界探索的巨大努力。这本书的价值在于,它将儿童的成长过程视为一个不断寻求意义的旅程,而非一系列需要被纠正的行为偏差。对于希望培养出具有独立思考能力和内在驱动力的孩子的家长和教育者来说,这本书无疑是一份不可多得的、需要反复研读的指南,它给予的不是答案,而是更优质的问题。
评分我必须承认,这本书的阅读体验是层层递进的,它需要时间去消化和沉淀。它并非那种能在咖啡馆里轻松翻阅的读物,它更像是需要在一个安静、专注的环境下,逐字逐句地去咀嚼作者的论证。给我留下深刻印象的是它对“价值形成”的细致描摹——那种从最初的自我中心主义,如何逐渐向社会性、道德性规范靠拢的微妙过程。每一次心智上的飞跃,都被作者用一种近乎考古学家的细致,从历史的碎片中重构出来。这种对发展路径的精确描绘,使得许多育儿中的困惑迎刃而解,因为你知道孩子现在所处的阶段,其思维局限性是符合既定规律的,从而减少了不必要的焦虑。这本书的语言风格是内敛而克制的,没有过多的煽情或夸张,所有的力量都蕴含在严密的逻辑推理和对观察数据的巧妙运用之中。它更像是为那些追求深度而非速度的读者准备的盛宴,让你在思考的深度上得到极大的满足。
评分说实话,这本书的标题非常吸引人,它直指儿童成长的核心——那些看不见的驱动力和逐渐固化的道德准绳。在阅读过程中,我感受到的最大冲击是,原来我们习以为常的“品德培养”,其底层逻辑是如此精妙和脆弱。它似乎在告诫我们,任何对儿童内在世界的粗暴干预,都可能对未来动机和价值观的健康发展造成不可逆转的影响。书中对于“动机的漂移”那一部分的论述尤其令人深思,它揭示了外部奖励如何有可能蚕食掉孩子原有的内在兴趣。这种对细微差别的捕捉,体现了作者对儿童心智世界的深刻敬畏。它提供了一种全新的视角来审视教育,不再是单纯的知识灌输,而更像是一种环境的营造,一种对内在秩序的尊重。虽然我记不清具体的实验细节了,但那种“原来如此”的顿悟感,像电流一样穿过我的思维,是这本书留给我最持久的印记。
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