The Genesis of Kant's Critique of Judgment

出版者:University Of Chicago Press

作者:John H. Zammito

页数:490

出版时间:1992-8-1

价格:USD 43.00

装帧:Paperback

isbn号码:9780226978550

具体描述

In this philosophically sophisticated and historically significant work, John H. Zammito reconstructs Kant's composition of "The Critique of Judgment" and reveals that it underwent three major transformations before publication. He shows that Kant not only made his "cognitive" turn, expanding the project from a "Critique of Taste" to a Critique of Judgment but he also made an "ethical" turn. This "ethical" turn was provoked by controversies in German philosophical and religious culture, in particular the writings of Johann Herder and the "Sturm und Drang" movement in art and science, as well as the related pantheism controversy. Such topicality made the Third Critique pivotal in creating a "Kantian" movement in the 1790s, leading directly to German Idealism and Romanticism. The austerity and grandeur of Kant's philosophical writings sometimes make it hard to recognize them as the products of a historical individual situated in the particular constellation of his time and society. Here Kant emerges as a concrete historical figure struggling to preserve the achievements of cosmopolitan Aufkl-rung against challenges in natural science, religion, and politics in the late 1780s. More specifically Zammito suggests that Kant's Third Critique was animated throughout by a fierce personal rivalry with Herder and by a strong commitment to traditional Christian ideas of God and human moral freedom. "A work of extraordinary erudition. Zammito's study is both comprehensive and novel, connecting Kant's work with the aesthetic and religious controversies of the late eighteenth century. He seems to have read everything. I know of no comparable historical study of Kant's Third Critique."-ArnulfZweig, translator and editor of Kant's;IPhilosophical Correspondence, 1759-1799;X "An intricate, subtle, and exciting explanation of how Kant's thinking developed and adjusted to new challenges over the decade from the first edition of the "Critique of Pure Reason" to the appearance of the "Critique of Judgment.""--John W. Burbidge, "Review of Metaphysics" "There has been for a long time a serious gap in English commentary on Kant's "Critique of Judgment"; Zammito's book finally fills it. All students and scholars of Kant will want to consult it.

In the Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Macmillan, 1967), W.H. Walsh called Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgment a "collection of appendices or addenda." Zammito (history, Rice Univ.) overturns this verdict and presents Kant's book as a major source of insight into the crises and fragmentation of modern thought. Aesthetics was at loose ends when Kant began, and the path from the idea of beauty to a philosophical system proved difficult. Kant claims that the sense of beauty grows through free use of imagination combined with a search for intelligibility. When reason is combined with imagination, the idea of the sublime is reached, but it refers to "a state of mind or, rather, its foundation in human nature." This foundation explains Kant's belief that universal principles exist through which art, religion, morality, and science can be reunited. Zammito traces Kant's struggle with enlightenment rationality and the romantic insistence on creativity and genius that paved the way for German idealism. More logical analysis would help, but the story is clear enough for the ordinary reader to follow.

用户评价

这本《康德《判断力批判》的起源》给我最深刻的感受是，它不仅仅是在讲述一个哲学概念的起源，更是在展现一种思想的生长和演变。作者用非常巧妙的叙事结构，将康德的早期思想片段、与友人之间的书信往来，甚至是对自然现象的观察，都巧妙地编织在一起，勾勒出《判断力批判》诞生前的思想土壤。我之前一直对《判断力批判》中的审美判断和目的性判断感到有些难以捉摸，总觉得它们与前两批判之间存在一种割裂。但通过这本书，我才意识到，这种“割裂”正是康德试图去克服的，而《判断力批判》正是他用来架起连接理性世界和感性世界、理论领域和实践领域的桥梁。作者对康德在不同时期对“美”的定义，以及他对自然界中“似是而非”的目的性的纠结，都进行了细致入微的梳理。我从中看到了一个不断反思、不断进步的康德，一个不畏艰难、勇于挑战自身思想极限的伟大哲学家。阅读这本书，就像是在观赏一幅精美的画作，每一笔都充满了深意，每一次视角的变化都能带来新的发现。

这本书的阅读体验，可以说是一种沉浸式的智识冒险。作者在《康德《判断力批判》的起源》中，并没有仅仅满足于对《判断力批判》内容进行梳理，而是将目光投向了更广阔的思想史和社会文化背景。他考察了18世纪的科学发现、艺术革命，以及当时欧洲知识分子对于人类认知能力、情感体验以及宇宙秩序的普遍思考，并以此为参照，来解读康德《判断力批判》的诞生。我印象特别深刻的是，作者分析了康德如何从早期的经验主义转向了先验论，以及这种转变如何影响了他对审美判断和目的性判断的思考。书中对于康德如何处理“主观”和“客观”、“必然”和“偶然”等哲学二元论，并最终试图在《判断力批判》中找到一种调和之道，进行了极为精彩的论述。我感觉自己仿佛与18世纪的知识精英们一起，在进行着一场关于人类经验边界的激烈辩论。这本书让我看到了哲学思想的活力和韧性，也让我对康德这位思想巨人的深刻洞察力有了更深的敬意。

这是一本让我深思良久的著作。在翻阅《康德《判断力批判》的起源》的过程中，我仿佛置身于一条曲折而迷人的思想长河，追溯着康德这位巨匠是如何一步步构建起他晚年集大成的《判断力批判》的。作者以一种近乎考古学家的耐心和洞察力，细致地梳理了《判断力批判》的哲学史背景，特别是康德在之前的《纯粹理性批判》和《实践理性批判》中所遇到的理论困境，以及这些困境如何激发了他对审美判断和目的性判断的深入探索。我尤其惊叹于作者对康德早期思想萌芽的挖掘，那些可能被忽视的片段，那些在学术界尚未完全达成共识的联系，在作者的笔下被清晰地呈现出来，仿佛为理解《判断力批判》提供了一幅完整的蓝图。书中对于“自由”和“自然”这两个核心概念在康德思想演进中的张力关系，以及康德如何试图通过《判断力批判》来弥合它们之间的鸿沟，进行了极为详尽的阐释。这种宏观的视野和微观的分析相结合，让我对康德的哲学体系有了前所未有的立体感。读罢全书，我感觉自己不仅仅是阅读了一本关于《判断力批判》的介绍，更是经历了一场深刻的哲学对话，一次智识上的洗礼。

对于任何想要深入理解康德哲学，尤其是《判断力批判》的读者来说，《康德《判断力批判》的起源》无疑是一本不可多得的宝藏。我以往阅读康德的原著时，常常感到力不从心，对其中一些概念的来龙去脉缺乏清晰的认识。而这本书，正是填补了我这方面的空白。它以一种抽丝剥茧的方式，将《判断力批判》的思想根源，如同一条条支流汇入大海般，呈现了出来。我尤其对书中对康德早期关于“崇高”的思考，以及他对“游戏”和“快乐”在审美体验中的作用的初步探讨，进行了深入的分析。这些在《判断力批判》最终版本中可能被更系统化的概念，在早期阶段显得更加自然和有机。作者并没有回避康德思想中的一些争议点和未定论，反而将其作为探索的起点，引导读者一同思考。这种开放式的探讨，让我感觉自己参与到了一场智识的探索之中，而不仅仅是被动地接受知识。这本书让我对康德的思辨过程有了更深的体会，也让我对《判断力批判》的意义有了更全面的认识。

坦白说，我一开始对这本书的期待并非如此之高，我以为它会是一本枯燥的学术论著，充斥着晦涩的术语和繁琐的考证。然而，事实完全出乎我的意料。《康德《判断力批判》的起源》以一种引人入胜的方式，将康德晚年哲学思想的形成过程娓娓道来。作者并非简单地罗列康德的文本，而是深入剖析了当时欧洲思想界的思潮，包括启蒙运动的理性主义、休谟的怀疑论，以及德国唯心主义的先驱们对美、对自然目的性的思考。通过这样的背景铺陈，我才真正理解到《判断力批判》并非横空出世，而是对前人思想以及康德自身理论局限性的一种回应和超越。书中对康德个人经历、与其他哲学家交往的细节也进行了有趣的探讨，这些“花边新闻”般的细节，反而让康德的哲学思想变得更加鲜活和可感。我尤其欣赏作者对于“审美无利害”和“目的论”这两个概念的解读，他用大量的例子和类比，将这些抽象的哲学概念变得易于理解，让我这个非专业读者也能从中获得启发。这本书绝对是一本为所有人设计的关于康德《判断力批判》的入门读物，充满了智慧和趣味。