威廉·詹姆斯（William James，1842—1910）美國本土第一位哲學傢和心理學傢，也是教育學傢，實用主義的倡導者，美國機能主義心理學派創始人之一，也是美國最早的實驗心理學傢之一。1875年，建立美國第一個心理學實驗室。1904年當選為美國心理學會主席，1906年當選為國傢科學院院士。2006年，詹姆斯被美國的權威期刊《大西洋月刊》評為影響美國的100位人物之一（第62位）。

"The Varieties of Religious Experience," first delivered as the Gifford Lectures in Edinburgh, was published in 1902 and quickly established itself as a classic. It ranks with its great predecessor, "The Principles of Psychology," as one of William James's masterworks. The book is not concerned with institutional religion. Its subtitle is "A Study in Human Nature," and James defines his subject as the feelings, acts, and experiences of individuals in relation to what they consider to be divine. His broad topics include the religion of healthy-mindedness; the sick soul; the divided self and its unification; conversion; saintliness; and mysticism. These and other phenomena are vividly documented by individual case histories--recorded in autobiographies, diaries, confessions, and similar writings--drawn from the whole range of world literature. Constantly reprinted over the years, "Varieties" here appears for the first time in an edition prepared and annotated according to modern standards of textual scholarship. Manuscript material has been used to recover the form in which the last two lectures were originally delivered.