Michael Tomasello is Codirector of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig. He is the author of The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition and Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language Acquisition.
Drop something in front of a two-year-old, and she's likely to pick it up for you. This is not a learned behavior, psychologist Michael Tomasello argues. Through observations of young children in experiments he himself has designed, Tomasello shows that children are naturally—and uniquely—cooperative. Put through similar experiments, for example, apes demonstrate the ability to work together and share, but choose not to.
As children grow, their almost reflexive desire to help—without expectation of reward—becomes shaped by culture. They become more aware of being a member of a group. Groups convey mutual expectations, and thus may either encourage or discourage altruism and collaboration. Either way, cooperation emerges as a distinctly human combination of innate and learned behavior.
In Why We Cooperate, Tomasello's studies of young children and great apes help identify the underlying psychological processes that very likely supported humans' earliest forms of complex collaboration and, ultimately, our unique forms of cultural organization, from the evolution of tolerance and trust to the creation of such group-level structures as cultural norms and institutions.
Scholars Carol Dweck, Joan Silk, Brian Skyrms, and Elizabeth Spelke respond to Tomasello's findings and explore the implications.
發表於2024-11-04
Why We Cooperate 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載
一本不到150頁的小冊子。從書名,一開始我以為是要從社會學角度講閤作的重要性,從而去論證一個主題,就是我們為什麼要閤作。但是一翻開看瞭目錄後,發現應該是傾嚮於研究類的書。全書是通過實驗研究和分析,從生物本能上展開的研究(主要是兒童和猩猩的研究及對比),從生物本...
評分一本不到150頁的小冊子。從書名,一開始我以為是要從社會學角度講閤作的重要性,從而去論證一個主題,就是我們為什麼要閤作。但是一翻開看瞭目錄後,發現應該是傾嚮於研究類的書。全書是通過實驗研究和分析,從生物本能上展開的研究(主要是兒童和猩猩的研究及對比),從生物本...
評分一本不到150頁的小冊子。從書名,一開始我以為是要從社會學角度講閤作的重要性,從而去論證一個主題,就是我們為什麼要閤作。但是一翻開看瞭目錄後,發現應該是傾嚮於研究類的書。全書是通過實驗研究和分析,從生物本能上展開的研究(主要是兒童和猩猩的研究及對比),從生物本...
評分一本不到150頁的小冊子。從書名,一開始我以為是要從社會學角度講閤作的重要性,從而去論證一個主題,就是我們為什麼要閤作。但是一翻開看瞭目錄後,發現應該是傾嚮於研究類的書。全書是通過實驗研究和分析,從生物本能上展開的研究(主要是兒童和猩猩的研究及對比),從生物本...
評分一本不到150頁的小冊子。從書名,一開始我以為是要從社會學角度講閤作的重要性,從而去論證一個主題,就是我們為什麼要閤作。但是一翻開看瞭目錄後,發現應該是傾嚮於研究類的書。全書是通過實驗研究和分析,從生物本能上展開的研究(主要是兒童和猩猩的研究及對比),從生物本...
圖書標籤: 心理學 人類學 閤作 進化理論 開捲八分鍾 西方心理學 西方 發展心理學
人的本質可能是閤作的,但現實又如何呢?值得深思,從許多方麵。也可參閱Nowak的Super Cooperators.
評分非常有趣的研究。我們某種相互閤作的動機深刻地根植於人性之中。這種動機使得我們形成瞭共享閤作事業,構成瞭“我們”。這個研究對我們提供某種更豐富的行動者屬性的哲學分析,提供瞭基礎性的支持。
評分One year infant are naturally helpful, informative and generous and that is not a product of reward, training or enculturation. The best way to motivate people to collaborate and to think like a group is to identify an enemy and charge that they threaten us.
評分非常有趣的研究。我們某種相互閤作的動機深刻地根植於人性之中。這種動機使得我們形成瞭共享閤作事業,構成瞭“我們”。這個研究對我們提供某種更豐富的行動者屬性的哲學分析,提供瞭基礎性的支持。
評分拿猩猩作為十幾個月寶寶的control group來證明人類有altruistic gene,腦洞著實很大,雖然還是沒法控製十幾個月的寶寶其實已經socialized to some extent
Why We Cooperate 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載