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Personal Impressions

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Sir Isaiah Berlin was a philosopher and historian of ideas, regarded as one of the leading liberal thinkers of the twentieth century. He excelled as an essayist, lecturer and conversationalist; and as a brilliant speaker who delivered, rapidly and spontaneously, richly allusive and coherently structured material, whether for a lecture series at Oxford University or as a broadcaster on the BBC Third Programme, usually without a script. Many of his essays and lectures were later collected in book form.

Born in Riga, now capital of Latvia, then part of the Russian Empire, he was the first person of Jewish descent to be elected to a prize fellowship at All Souls College, Oxford. From 1957 to 1967, he was Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory at the University of Oxford. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1963 to 1964. In 1966, he helped to found Wolfson College, Oxford, and became its first President. He was knighted in 1957, and was awarded the Order of Merit in 1971. He was President of the British Academy from 1974 to 1978. He also received the 1979 Jerusalem Prize for his writings on individual freedom. Berlin's work on liberal theory has had a lasting influence.

Berlin is best known for his essay Two Concepts of Liberty, delivered in 1958 as his inaugural lecture as Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory at Oxford. He defined negative liberty as the absence of constraints on, or interference with, agents' possible action. Greater "negative freedom" meant fewer restrictions on possible action. Berlin associated positive liberty with the idea of self-mastery, or the capacity to determine oneself, to be in control of one's destiny. While Berlin granted that both concepts of liberty represent valid human ideals, as a matter of history the positive concept of liberty has proven particularly susceptible to political abuse.

Berlin contended that under the influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant and G. W. F. Hegel (all committed to the positive concept of liberty), European political thinkers often equated liberty with forms of political discipline or constraint. This became politically dangerous when notions of positive liberty were, in the nineteenth century, used to defend nationalism, self-determination and the Communist idea of collective rational control over human destiny. Berlin argued that, following this line of thought, demands for freedom paradoxically become demands for forms of collective control and discipline – those deemed necessary for the "self-mastery" or self-determination of nations, classes, democratic communities, and even humanity as a whole. There is thus an elective affinity, for Berlin, between positive liberty and political totalitarianism.

Conversely, negative liberty represents a different, perhaps safer, understanding of the concept of liberty. Its proponents (such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill) insisted that constraint and discipline were the antithesis of liberty and so were (and are) less prone to confusing liberty and constraint in the manner of the philosophical harbingers of modern totalitarianism. It is this concept of Negative Liberty that Isaiah Berlin supported. It dominated heavily his early chapters in his third lecture.

This negative liberty is central to the claim for toleration due to incommensurability. This concept is mirrored in the work of Joseph Raz.

Berlin's espousal of negative liberty, his hatred of totalitarianism and his experience of Russia in the revolution and through his contact with the poet Anna Akhmatova made him an enemy of the Soviet Union and he was one of the leading public intellectuals in the ideological battle against Communism during the Cold War.


Personal Impressions pdf epub mobi 圖書描述

This remarkable collection contains Isaiah Berlin's appreciations of seventeen people of unusual distinction in the intellectual or political world—sometimes both. The names of many of them are familiar—Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Chaim Weizmann, Albert Einstein, and others. With the exception of Roosevelt, he met them all and knew many of them well. For this expanded edition, four new portraits have been added—including those of Virginia Woolf and Edmund Wilson. This volume also contains a vivid and moving account of Berlin's meetings in Russia with Boris Pasternak and Anna Akhmatova in 1945 and 1956. Perhaps the most fascinating of these "personal impressions" is found in the epilogue, where Berlin describes the three strands in his own personality: Russian, English, and Jewish.

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《個人印象》 【英國】以賽亞.柏林 著 林振義 王潔 譯 幾年前,一位好朋友送給我一本《柏林談話錄》——可能是因為我跟她說過,我想閱讀一些哲學類的書籍,但又感到哲學類的書籍對於我這顆習慣看文學書籍的大腦過於乏味和深奧。於是她覺得先看一本哲學傢的談話記錄,既降低瞭...

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《個人印象》 【英國】以賽亞.柏林 著 林振義 王潔 譯 幾年前,一位好朋友送給我一本《柏林談話錄》——可能是因為我跟她說過,我想閱讀一些哲學類的書籍,但又感到哲學類的書籍對於我這顆習慣看文學書籍的大腦過於乏味和深奧。於是她覺得先看一本哲學傢的談話記錄,既降低瞭...

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在伯林的一係列著作中,《個人印象》所收錄的文章應該是最令人感到好奇的文字。某種程度上,這是由我們對“獻詞”這種古老的文學體裁的一貫認識形成的,獻詞一嚮是被認為是宮廷文人無聊之作,語言華美而空洞,歌功頌德之外並無其他用處,所以曆史上能夠流傳下來的文學獻詞實在...  

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出版者:Pimlico
作者:Isaiah Berlin
出品人:
頁數:277
譯者:
出版時間:1998-03-05
價格:GBP 12.99
裝幀:Paperback
isbn號碼:9780712666015
叢書系列:

圖書標籤: 以賽亞·伯林  English  非虛構  柏林  史學  Nonfiction  MUST  Berlin   


Personal Impressions 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載
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Personal Impressions pdf epub mobi 用戶評價

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拖瞭這麼久纔看完,就象正餐外嘗可口的點心,一小口接著一小口。

評分

拖瞭這麼久纔看完,就象正餐外嘗可口的點心,一小口接著一小口。

評分

拖瞭這麼久纔看完,就象正餐外嘗可口的點心,一小口接著一小口。

評分

拖瞭這麼久纔看完,就象正餐外嘗可口的點心,一小口接著一小口。

Personal Impressions 2024 pdf epub mobi 電子書 下載


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