Machiavelli Revisited 2025 pdf epub mobi 电子书

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发表于2025-01-09

Machiavelli Revisited 2025 pdf epub mobi 电子书

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出版者:University of Wales Press

作者:Joseph V. Femia

出品人:

页数:200

译者:

出版时间:2004-2-17

价格:GBP 9.99

装帧:Hardcover

isbn号码:9780708317228

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This work attempts to guide the reader through a maze of interpretations of Machiavelli's political opinions. The author demonstrates that Machiavelli was an anti-metaphysical empiricist who sought to free political thought from all theological preconceptions or residues by challenging the assumption that there exists some unifying pattern that prescibes their proper behaviour to all animate creatures. Machiavelli's work reflects the Renaissance growth of secular humanism and empiricism, with its emphasis on knowledge derived from observation of the particular rather than generality or moral principle. Femia shows that Machiavelli's political realism illustrates the discrepancy between imaginary polities and the real functioning of states. In addition to analyzing the intellectual and social roots of Machiavelli's thought, Femia also demonstrates the relevance of Machiavelli for the modern world and his impact on 20th-century thought.

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Femia试图论证马基雅维利持有一种反本质主义（anti-essentalism）的立场，拒绝目的论。Femia认为，马基雅维利的贡献在于（1）提出了一种“科学”的认识方法，表现为从历史的经验事实出发进行概括，而非以抽象原则作为衡量有效性的标准。从而，马基雅维利实现了一种从静态的神学图景向平衡-动态的（社会）科学图景的过渡（2）马基雅维利持有一种对人的本性的悲观立场，他的人是霍布斯式的，对政治和行动的分析必须要透过表象而到达“欲望和权力”的维度；政治活动表现为统治者-被统治者的二分，共和国是基于不可调和两种人性上的最好制度，但“好”仅仅表现为能够实现个人利益。马基雅维利的道德观是后果主义的，表现为①遵从后果主义原则，计算成本和收益②欲望主义（Hedonism），以欲望作为政治社会的基础。

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